Busy and occupied with fighting as those last years of Mohammed's
life were, his work as religious prophet was not neglected. He
poured forth fresh suras as each new occasion demanded. True, they
seem to have lost their old rugged earnestness now, and much of their
sense of God, but he declares them still to be the revelation of the
Almighty, and to have existed in heaven from the beginning of
eternity. Many suras are concerned with the most trivial and
unimportant matters treated in the most commonplace way. Some show
his unrivalled skill in getting out of difficult personal or
political situations. Some are to give 'divine authority' for his
own violations of his own law, or for those actions of his which
outraged even the primitive conscience of Arabia. One instance of
this should be given. Within a year of his reaching Medina the
Prophet greatly admired Zainab, the wife of his foster-son Zaid, and
coveted her for his wife. Marriage to one who was reckoned a
daughter-in-law was utterly abhorrent to the conscience of the Arabs,
but he justified this by obtaining a divine commission--a divine
blessing forsooth--for the act. We {89} have more than once seen how
the Prophet fell into the very convenient habit of retracting or
'abrogating' any previous suras which he found it convenient to
alter. One would have thought this would have shaken the faith of
the 'believers' in the revelations, but Mohammed waved their scruples
aside with a high hand, and they soon grew accustomed to such
vagaries.
Interspersed among these very minor matters was much advice as to the
conduct of the faith, the obligations of Moslem brotherhood, the
relation of the faithful to unbelievers, to women and to slaves.
Many Arabian customs were commended for adoption. There were
disquisitions on criminal and civil law and punishments, on political
economy and tax-collecting, and florid descriptions of the believers'
Paradise and the fires of the unbelievers' Hell.
[Sidenote: Mohammed's Death, 632 A.D.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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