While Lewis and Clark did not add any knowledge of Yellowstone Park to
their epic-making report, still it was a member of the party who first
viewed its exotic beauty. However, before delineating Colter’s
discovery, the picture of the Park’s isolation should be explored
further.
The first thrust toward the Yellowstone country was made by the French
explorer de Verendrye, who came near the northeastern border in 1743
when he crossed the lower Yellowstone River, leaving Wonderland still
undiscovered.[19]
By 1810, the Missouri Fur Company established posts on the mouths of the
Bighorn and at Three Forks of the Missouri. Notwithstanding these
locations, there was little penetration of the “top of the world,” as
the Crow Indians called the Yellowstone country. Blackfoot Indian
hostility forced the abandonment of the post at Three Forks and in the
fall of 1810, Major Andrew Henry, one of the partners, led a small party
into the Pacific Ocean drainage. They went up the Madison River, thereby
skirting the Gallatin Range which bounds the Park on the west. They
crossed a low pass and came upon a beautiful lake. Henry’s name was
given the lake (Henrys Lake) and also to its outlet (Henrys Fork of the
Snake River), which they followed about forty miles below its
debouchment into Snake River Valley. In a pleasant spot some four miles
below the present St. Anthony Falls they erected Fort Henry, but they
did not prosper there and, feeling discouraged and insecure, abandoned
that post. In 1811, Henry released his trappers, and while they returned
to the east by various routes all of them missed the Yellowstone
region.[20]
[Illustration: W. S. Chapman
Sacajawea with Lewis and Clark.]
As Henry’s men circled eastward a much larger expedition was threading
its course between the Wind River Mountains and the Tetons. In 1811,
Wilson Price Hunt led the “Overland Astorians,” a band of sixty
trappers, toward the Pacific. They reached Henry’s deserted post early
in August. It is probable that a member of this party inscribed a rock
“calling card” that reads: “Fort Henry 1811 by Capt. Hunt.” This marker
is now included in the historical collections of the Yellowstone Park
museums. It was found at the fort site in 1933 and donated to the museum
by Seasonal Park Ranger-Naturalist Merrill D. Beal.[21] Hunt’s party
unfortunately decided to switch from horses to hurriedly-made canoes,
which were launched upon Snake River near the fort. The hardship,
privation, and recurring peril experienced by this band are among the
most severe ever encountered by civilized men. Although they were
obliged to separate into three groups in order to subsist each part
finally reached the mouth of the Columbia. In 1812, a smaller party
called the “Returning Astorians,” under Robert Stuart, probably
discovered South Pass.[22]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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