Nestor, the Russian historian, tells us the story of Igor's death. "In
the year 945," he says, "the _drujina_" (that is, the body-guard,
composed of Norsemen or their descendants), "of Igor said to him, 'The
men of Sveneld are richly provided with weapons and garments, while
we go in rags; lead us, Prince, to collect the tribute so that (p. 033)
thou and we may become rich.' Igor consented, and conducted them to
the Drevlians to raise the tribute. He increased the first imposts,
and did them violence, he and his men; after having taken all he
wanted, he returned to his city. While on the road he bethought
himself and said to his drujina, 'Go on with the tribute; I will go
back and try to get some more out of them.' Leaving the greater part
of his men to go on their way, he returned with only a few, to the end
that he might increase his riches. The Drevlians, when they learnt
that Igor was coming back, held council with Nal, their prince. 'When
the wolf enters the sheepfold he slays the whole flock, if the
shepherd does not slay him. Thus it is with us and Igor; if we do not
destroy him, we are lost.' Then they sent deputies who said to him,
'why dost thou come anew unto us? Hast thou not collected all the
tribute?' But Igor would not hear them, so the Drevlians came out of
the town of Korosthenes, and slew Igor and his men, for they were but
a few."
The drujina or body-guard of the duke was at the same time his
council. The men composing it were considered as members of his
family; they ate at his table and shared his amusements as well as his
toil. He did nothing without consulting them, and was really but the
first among his peers. They formed a court of justice, and it was from
among them that he appointed the voievods or governors of fortresses,
and possadniks or commandants of large towns. We have a description of
the courts of that time by an Arab writer named Ibn Dost. He says: (p. 034)
"When a Russian brings a complaint against another, he summons him
before the court of the prince where both state their case. When the
prince has pronounced his verdict, his orders are executed; but if
both parties are dissatisfied, the dispute must be decided by weapons.
He whose sword cuts sharper, gains his cause. At the time of the
fight, the relatives of the two adversaries appear armed, and surround
the space set apart. The combatants then come to blows, and the victor
may impose any terms he pleases."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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