given five castles in the Sienese contado and declared _popolani_, so as to be eligible for the chief magistracy. The Emperor came back to Siena on October 12th, with the Empress. He entered at the Porta Tufi, where the Twelve and the Salimbeni met him, all crowned with flowers and bearing olive branches. He alighted at the Salimbeni palace, while his followers were quartered in the deserted houses of the exiled nobles. The next day, after Mass in the Duomo, he knighted Reame and Niccolò Salimbeni--"and very little pleasure did any one take in that," says the Sienese Chronicle grimly. An enormous present of money was made to him and the Empress, as also to Malatesta, and when the Emperor left on the 14th, the Empress remained behind for some days to induce Siena to redeem the imperial crown which had been pawned in Florence. In the meanwhile the nobles were making alarms and excursions in the contado, almost up to the gates of the city. There was another revolution in December. The lowest portion of the populace, or at least lower than those hitherto represented in the administration--"verily plebeians and entirely new men," as Malavolti has it--assailed the Palazzo, forced their way in, hunted out the representatives of the Twelve and Nine alike. Finally by a sort of general compromise a council of 150 _riformatori_ was appointed, who reformed the State by the creation of a supreme magistracy of Fifteen Defenders, composed of eight of the _popolo minuto_, four of the Twelve, three of the Nine. This was the origin of the _Monte dei Riformatori_, because the name was retained in the families of those _popolani_ who took a part in this regime, the names of Nine and Twelve (_Nove_ and _Dodici_) being retained in those families who belonged to these two orders and shared their fortunes. The Monti of Riformatori, Dodicini, and Noveschi were likewise known as the People of the Greater Number, the People of the Middle Number, and the People of the Lesser Number respectively.[13]