by Accursio das Neves; to the _Excerptos Historicos relativos a Guerra denominada da Peninsula, e as anteriores de 1801, de Roussillon e Cataluna_, by Claudio de Chaby; and to the Wellington _Despatches_. On the history of the civil wars the best authorities are _Memorias para a Historia do Tempo que duron a Usurpacão de Dom Miguel_, by J. L. Freire de Carvalho, 1841-43; _Historia de Liberdade em Portugal_, by J. G. de Barros e Cunha, 1869; _Despachos e Correspondencia do Duque de Palmella_, 1851-54; _Correspondencia Official de Conde de Carneira com o Duque de Palmella_, 1874; _Memoirs of the Duke of Saldanha_, by the Count of Carnota; _The Wars of Succession in France and Portugal_, by William Bollaert, vol. i., 1870, and _The Civil War in Portugal, and the Siege of Oporto, by a British Officer of Hussars_ [Colonel Badcock], 1835. Much valuable historical material is also buried in magazines and the transactions of learned societies, and special reference may be made to two particularly interesting essays in the _Annaes des Sciencias Moraes e Politicas, Dom João II. e a Nobreza_, by Rebello da Silva, and _Apontamentos para a Historia da Conquista de Portugal por Filippe II._, by A. P. Lopes de Mendonça. Apart from Portuguese history, Portuguese literature deserves to be studied. Several pages have been devoted to it in the present volume, and with regard to the early poetry of the troubadour epoch, the author desires to express his obligations to the learned introductions of Theophilo Braga, himself a poet of no mean rank, to his _Antologia Portugueza_, 1876, and his _Cancioneiro Portuguez_, 1878. The glory of Portuguese literature is Camoens, and it is fortunate that his great poem, _The Lusiads_, has found an adequate translator at last. I know of no translation of any classic which can compare with Sir Richard Burton’s translation of _The Lusiads_. By his profound knowledge of the Portuguese character no less than of the Portuguese language, by his intimate acquaintance with the places which Camoens describes, and, above all, by his temperament, which resembled that of the conquistador-poet, Sir Richard Burton was fitted to reproduce for the English people the thoughts and words of the greatest Portuguese poet. Every lover of Camoens, like every lover of Homer, has been tempted to translate his mighty poem; but, at last, so it seems to me, the work of translation has been done once for all for Camoens by the loving labour of Sir Richard Burton, and Englishmen may read _The Lusiads_, reproduced faithfully into their own language, alike in spirit and in words. That the life-poem of a hero of the sixteenth century should have been worthily translated by a hero of the nineteenth, seems to me a circumstance of which all lovers of literature in both England and Portugal should be glad and proud.