THE PARIAN GATE 155 RUINS OF MANILA CATHEDRAL AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE 157 QUEEN ISABELLA II. AS A CHILD 158 THE GROUNDS OF THE CAVITE ARSENAL 165 PUMPING STATION, CARRIEDO WATERWORKS 167 THE BRIDGE OF SPAIN 171 FORT GENERAL WEYLER IN MINDANAO 178 THE BRIDGE OF SAN JUAN DEL MONTE 182 DUNGEON AT CAVITE 185 BIAC-NA-’BATO, WHERE THE TREATY WAS MADE 195 EMILIO AGUINALDO 199 ADMIRAL MONTOJO 204 GOVERNOR-GENERAL AUGUSTI 206 THE FIRST AMERICAN FLAG RAISED IN MANILA 209 GOVERNOR WILLIAM H. TAFT 215 GENERAL ADNA R. CHAFFEE 217 MAYON VOLCANO 225 WEAVING JUSI 227 THE FALLS OF BOTOCAN IN LUZON 230 A RIVER SCENE ON THE ISLAND OF LUZON 233 THE CAGAYAN DE ORO RIVER 238 MANILA SCHOOLBOYS 241 COLORED MAPS THE WORLD _Inside Front Cover_ THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS _Inside Back Cover_ KEY TO PRONUNCIATION OF PROPER NAMES. a as in _fat_. ā as in _fate_. ä as in _father_. ȧ as in _|ask_. e as in _pen_. ē as in _mete_. ė as in _her_. i as in _pin_. ī as in _pine_. o as in _not_. oi as in _oil_, _boy_. ou as in _pound_, _proud_. ō as in _note_. ö as in _move_. u as in _tub_. ̤ū as in _mute_. ̇u as in _pull_. A double dot under a vowel in an unaccented syllable indicates that its sound is almost that of the short _u_ in _but_, _tub_, etc.̤ū as ̤ä in _America_, ̤e in _prudent_, ̤i in _charity_, ̤o in _actor_, ̤ē in _the book_, ̤ū in _nature_. [Illustration] THE STORY OF THE PHILIPPINES. Chapter I. THE DISCOVERY OF THE ISLANDS. When Christopher Columbus (kris´to fer kō-lum´bus) discovered America, in the year 1492, he set all Europe talking about the unknown lands that lay beyond seas.