The next recorded effort was in 1833, when a French patent was granted to Xavier Projean of Marseilles for a device which he describes as a "Ktypographic" machine or pen. This machine consisted of an assembly of type bars arranged in a circle, each type striking downward upon a common center. All present day typewriters are divided, according to their operating principle, into two classes, the rotating segment or type-wheel machines, and the type-bar machines, and it is curious that each of these principles should have been embodied in the two earliest known devices, Burt's machine of 1829 and Projean's of 1833. But Projean's machine, like Burt's, contained nothing more than the germ of an idea. Projean's claim for his own invention, that it would print "almost as fast as one could write with an ordinary pen," is sufficient evidence that it was too slow to possess any practical utility. A few years after Projean's effort we find a new influence at work. The electric telegraph had been invented, and the effort of inventors to produce a telegraphic printing mechanism gave an impetus to the idea of a writing machine. In 1840 the British Patent Office records the application of Alexander Bain and Thomas Wright on a writing machine for use in connection with the telegraph. These men were afterwards better known as the inventors of a telegraphic printer. As a typewriter, Bain's device was of no value and scarcely deserves serious mention. A more important step in the progress of the art was taken by Charles Thurber of Worcester, Mass., to whom a patent was granted in 1843, followed by another in 1845. The Thurber machine of 1843 contains one notable advance; the letter spacing was effected by the longitudinal motion of a platen, a principle which is a feature of all modern machines. This machine did excellent work, but the printing mechanism was too slow for practical use and none were manufactured. A model of Thurber's machine is now in the Smithsonian Institution at Washington, and a later model, showing important improvements, is preserved by the Worcester Society of Antiquarians. Thurber's other model of 1845 was not a typewriter at all, but a "writing machine" in the strictest sense. It was designed to perform the motions of the hand in writing, and was intended for the use of the blind. This attempt was a failure, but it illustrates again how prominently the needs of the blind figured in the efforts of the early inventors.