Paganism, 33, 36, 107. Paisius, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 78. Palacky, F., Czech historian, 161. Paleolithic period, 31. Paleolog, Sophia, princess of Constantinople, 46, 106. Paly, 94, 98, 121. Pan-Slavic Society, 167. Parliament, Austria, 208. Paris, 242, 247, 248, 253, 257. Peace Conference, Versailles, 242, 245, 247, 248, 255, 256, 257, 258. Peace treaties after World War I, 249. Pechenegs, 33, 39. Peremyshl, 55, 57, 173, 241. Pereyaslav, 82, 87, 88, 91. Treaty of, 103, 131. Perm, 212. Peru, 59. Perun, pagan god, 33. Pestel, Russian army officer, 165. Peter I (the Great), Emperor of Russia, 14, 27, 28, 95–118, 131–137, 152, 153, 167, 171, 226, 233. Peter II, Emperor of Russia, 135. Peter III, Emperor of Russia, 137, 139. Petlyura S., Ukrainian leader, 235–255. Petrograd, 220, 221, 225, 228. See also St. Petersburg. Petrovsky-Sitnyanovich, S. E. 113. See also Simeon Polotsky. Petrov, O., 170. Petryk, Zaporozhian leader, 97. Petrushevich, Dr. E., head of Ukrainian National Council in Western Ukraine, 240. Pilsudski, J., Polish military leader, 214, 239. Pizarro, F., Spanish leader, 12. Podebrady, 260. Podkarpatska Rus, 268. See also Carpatho-Ukraine, Austria-Hungary, Hungary. Podolia, 43. Poland, 26, 28, 35, 36, 43, 45–143, 153, 162, 164, 172–187, 206–208, 212, 239–298, 301. Constituent diet, 257. Constitution, 257. Diet, 258, 259, 261. Poletika, H., Ukrainian writer, 149. Polish language and culture, 51, 111, 112, 153. Polish legions, 214. Polish National Committee, 28, 214, 239. Polish revolt of 1831, 162, 166, 167. Polonization, 139, 147, 150. Polotsk, 114. Polotsky, Simeon, Ukrainian writer, 113, 114. See also Petrovsky Sitnyanovich. Polovtsy, 29, 39. Poltava, 101, 155, 204. Battle of, 103, 116, 131. Polubotok, Kozak, acting hetman, 133, 134, 135. Poniatowski, Stanislas August, King of Poland, 128, 140. Popovich, O., Bukovina Ukrainian leader, 241. Postyshev, P. P., Ukrainian Communist leader, 279, 281. Potapov, Russian police official, 191. Potemkin, Prince G., Russian imperial commissioner, 142. Potocki family, Polish landlords, 67, 70, 128. Potocki, N., Polish Crown hetman, 75, 76. Potocki, S., son of preceding, 76. Potocki, A., governor of Galicia, 202. Poty, Uniat bishop, 55, 56. Prague, 28, 260, 267, 268, 270. Preshiv, 241. Prokopovich, Teofan, Archbishop of Novgorod, 115, 116. Prosvita, 200. Protestantism, 54, 59, 73, 116, 301. Prussia, 140, 178, 195. See also Germany. Pruth river, 102. Ptitsky, D., Kievan scholar, 110. Pulaski, Casimir, Polish leader, 128. Puritans, 13. Pushkin, A. S., Russian poet, 159, 160, 167, 169.