The story of the universe. Volume 4 (of 4) : $b The earth's creatures : fauna
History
The story of the universe. Volume 4 (of 4) : $b The earth's creatures : fauna
Astronomy; Earth (Planet); Natural history
from the tip till it passed into the hand; and so performs, every
time he eats, the clown’s as yet ideal feat of jumping down his own
throat.
So much have we seen on one little shell. But there is more to see
close to it. Those yellow plants which I likened to squirrels’ tails
and lobsters’ horns, and what not, are zoophytes of different kinds.
Here is Sertularia argentea (true squirrel’s tail); here S. filicula,
as delicate as tangled threads of glass; here abietina; here rosacea.
The lobsters’ horns are Antennaria antennina; and mingled with them
are Plumulariæ, always to be distinguished from Sertulariæ by polypes
growing on one side of the branch, and not on both. Here is falcata,
with its roots twisted round a sea-weed. Here is cristata, on the
same weed; and here is a piece of the beautiful myriophyllum, which
has been battered in its long journey out of the deep water about the
ore rock. Here are Flustræ, or sea-mats. This, which smells very like
Verbena, is Flustra coriacea. That scurf on the frond of ore-weed
is F. lineata. The glass bells twined about this Sertularia are
Campanularia syringa; and here is a tiny plant of Cellularia ciliata.
Look at it through the field-glass; for it is truly wonderful. Each
polype cell is edged with whip-like spines, and on the back of some
of them is--what is it but a live vulture’s head, snapping and
snapping--what for?
Next, what are the striped pears? They are sea-anemones, Sagartia
viduata, the snake-locked anemone. They have been washed off the
loose stones to which they usually adhere by the pitiless roll of
the ground-swell; however, they are not so far gone but that if you
take one of them home and put it in a jar of water, it will expand
into a delicate compound flower, which can neither be described nor
painted, of long pellucid tentacles, hanging like a thin, bluish
cloud over a disk of mottled brown and gray. Here, adhering to this
large whelk, is another, but far larger and coarser. It is Sagartia
parasitica, one of our largest British species; and most singular in
this, that it is almost always (in Torbay at least) found adhering
to a whelk: but never to a live one; and for this reason. The live
whelk (as you may see for yourself when the tide is out) burrows
in the sand in chase of hapless bivalve shells, which he bores
through with his sharp tongue (always, cunning fellow, close to
the hinge where the fish is), and then sucks out their life. Now,
if the anemone stuck to him, it would be carried under the sand
daily, to its own disgust. It prefers, therefore, the dead whelk,
inhabited by a soldier crab, Pagurus Bernhardi, of which you may
find a dozen anywhere as the tide goes out; and travels about at the
crab’s expense, sharing with him the offal which is his food. Note,
moreover, that the soldier crab is the most hasty and blundering of
marine animals, as active as a monkey, and as subject to panics as a
horse; wherefore the poor anemone on his back must have a hard life
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