Transcriber’s Note: Italics are enclosed in _underscores_. Additional notes will be found near the end of this ebook. THE STORY OF UTOPIAS THE STORY OF UTOPIAS IDEAL COMMONWEALTHS AND SOCIAL MYTHS BY LEWIS MUMFORD With an Introduction by HENDRIK WILLEM VAN LOON “_A Map of the World that does not include Utopia is not worth even glancing at._...” GEORGE G. HARRAP & CO. LTD. LONDON CALCUTTA SYDNEY _Published 1923 by_ GEORGE G. HARRAP & CO. LTD. _39–41 Parker Street, Kingsway, London, W.C.2_ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The first outline of this book dates back ten years; and since then I have woven it and rewoven it in my mind. The actual work of composition was started by a suggestion from Mr. Van Wyck Brooks; and without Mr. Brooks’ encouragement I should perhaps never have begun or carried through the task. The general background of ideas has been heavily colored by my contacts with Professor Patrick Geddes, through his books and by correspondence; and I owe a debt to him I have not always been able to acknowledge in direct reference or in quotation marks. I take the opportunity here to express the hearty gratitude which might otherwise have been conveyed in the more archaic form of a dedication. In the revision of the MS. I have been blessed with the generous advice and criticism of a number of friends; in particular, Mr. Clarence Britten, Mr. Herbert Feis, Mr. Geroid Robinson, and Miss Sophia Wittenberg, each of whom performed a unique service. To Messrs. Victor Branford and Alexander Farquharson of the Sociological Society of Great Britain I am indebted for many pertinent suggestions. My thanks are also due to the editors of The Freeman for permission to use extracts from two articles: Towards a Humanist Synthesis and Beauty and the Picturesque. Finally, Mr. Hendrik van Loon’s friendly interest calls for a departing beam of gratitude. LEWIS MUMFORD. New York City. CONTENTS _Introduction by Hendrik Willem van Loon, Ph.D._ CHAPTER ONE How the will-to-utopia causes men to live in two worlds, and how, therefore, we re-read the Story of Utopia--the other half of the Story of Mankind. 9 CHAPTER TWO How the Greeks lived in a New World, and utopia seemed just round the corner. How Plato in the Republic is chiefly concerned with what will hold the ideal city together. 27 CHAPTER THREE