How something happened to utopia between Plato and Sir Thomas More; and how utopia was discovered again, along with the New World. 57 CHAPTER FOUR How the new Humanism of the Renascence brings us within sight of Christianopolis; and how we have for the first time a glimpse of a modern utopia. 79 CHAPTER FIVE How Bacon and Campanella, who have a great reputation as utopians, are little better than echoes of the men who went before them. 101 CHAPTER SIX How something happened in the eighteenth century which made men “furiously to think,” and how a whole group of utopias sprang out of the upturned soil of industrialism. 111 CHAPTER SEVEN How some utopians have thought that a good community rested at bottom on the right division and use of land; and what sort of communities these land-animals projected. 131 CHAPTER EIGHT How Étienne Cabet dreamed of a new Napoleon called Icar, and a new France called Icaria; and how his utopia, with that which Edward Bellamy shows us in Looking Backward, gives us a hint of what machinery might bring us to if the industrial organization were nationalized. 149 CHAPTER NINE How William Morris and W. H. Hudson renew the classic tradition of utopias; and how, finally, Mr. H. G. Wells sums up and clarifies the utopias of the past, and brings them into contact with the world of the present. 171 CHAPTER TEN How the Country House and Coketown became the utopias of the modern age; and how they made the world over in their image. 191 CHAPTER ELEVEN How we reckon up accounts with the one-sided utopias of the partisans. 235 CHAPTER TWELVE How the half-worlds must go, and how eutopia may come; and what we need before we can build Jerusalem in any green and pleasant land. 265 BIBLIOGRAPHY 309 INTRODUCTION [Illustration] It is a sunny day and I am sitting on the top of a mountain. Until this morning, it had been the mountain of a fairy story that was twenty centuries old. Now, it is a mighty hill and I can feel its warm coat of white reindeer-moss, and if I were willing to stretch out my hand, I could pluck the red berries that are in full bloom. A hundred years from now it will be gone. For it is really a large chunk of pure iron, dumped by a playful Providence in the very heart of Lapland.