PLATO (427 B.C.–347 B.C.). The Republic. Translated with notes and essays by Benjamin Jowett. Oxford: 1894. See also Plato’s Critias and Statesman in the same edition. The Laws, which is a more detailed attempt to work out the details of a good polity, is so lacking in Plato’s original inspiration that, but for Aristotle’s allusion to it, one would promptly take it for the work of another hand. MORE, SIR THOMAS (1478–1535). Utopia. Published originally in Latin in 1516. There are numerous modern editions. See Ideal Commonwealths, edited by Henry Morley. ANDREÆ, JOHANN VALENTIN (1586–1654). Christianopolis. Published in 1619 and translated in 1916 by Felix Emil Held under the title of Christianopolis: An Ideal State of the 17th Century. Oxford University Press. Mr. Held’s introduction contains an account of Andreæ’s life. BACON, FRANCIS (1561–1626). The New Atlantis. Published in 1627. Bacon contemplated writing a second part which would deal with the laws of his ideal commonwealth. See Ideal Commonwealths. CAMPANELLA, TOMASSO (1568–1639). The City of the Sun. Published in 1637 as Civitas Solis Poetica: Idea Reipublicæ Philosophiæ. See Ideal Commonwealths. ALLAIS, DENIS VAIRASSE D’ (--). L’Histoire des Sevarambes. Written in 1672 and translated into English as The History of the Sevarites, written by one Captain Siden, London: 1675. In Kautsky’s Vorläufer des Modernen Sozialismus this utopia is given high praise and is ranked as the French parallel of More’s Utopia; but I feel that this is a sad error in judgment which perhaps arose out of the bare fact that the first law of the great dictator Sevarias was to put all private property in the hands of the state, to be disposed of absolutely by its authority, and to do away with distinctions of rank and hereditary dignity. There is little that is fresh or imaginative in Vairasse’s treatment, however, and there is nothing like More’s detailed effort to guard against usurpation of power by the ruling classes. As simple fiction, the History of the Sevarites is, however, readable. See also L’Histoire des Galligènes, by Tiphaigne de la Roche; likewise the excellent satire, Giphantia. The description of Salentum, under Mentor, in Fénélon’s Telemachus should not be neglected. The Abbé Morelly’s Basiliade is little more than a definition of his Code de la Nature. MERCIER, LOUIS SEBASTIEN (1740–1814). Memoirs of the Year 2500. Published in French in 1772 and translated into English, Liverpool: 1802. SPENCE, THOMAS (1750–1814). Description of Spensonia. Constitution of Spensonia. London: 1795. Privately printed at the Courier Press; Leamington Spa: 1917.