Produced by Bryan Ness and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive.) I THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN PRESIDENT JOHNSON AND CONGRESS OVER RECONSTRUCTION _STUDIES IN HISTORY, ECONOMICS AND PUBLIC LAW_ EDITED BY THE FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK. Volume VIII] [Number 1 THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN PRESIDENT JOHNSON AND CONGRESS OVER RECONSTRUCTION BY CHARLES ERNEST CHADSEY, Ph.D. NEW YORK 1896 CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER I. THEORIES PRIOR TO THE CLOSE OF THE WAR. 1. The Problem 7 2. Common Belief at Opening of Hostilities: The Crittenden Resolution 8 3. The Democratic Theory 10 4. Lincoln: The Development of his Theory 14 5. The Congressional Policy 18 CHAPTER II. JOHNSON'S THEORY: THE EXPERIMENT AND ITS RESULTS. 1. Conditions at Accession of Johnson 28 2. Lincoln _vs._ Johnson 28 3. Johnson's views before Accession 29 4. Speeches in the Spring after his Accession 30 5. Secret of his Attitude 32 6. Development of his Theory 34 7. Attitude towards Enfranchisement of the Negro 41 8. Legislative Action in the South 42 9. The Defense of the South 46 10. Effect of the Attitude of the South upon the North 47 CHAPTER III. ATTITUDE OF CONGRESS TOWARDS THE EXPERIMENT: DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONGRESSIONAL THEORY. 1. Attitude of Parties towards the Administration at Beginning of the Session 49 2. Opening Scenes in Congress 50 3. The Annual Message: Debate on Reconstruction 55 4. The Freedmen's Bureau 59 5. Johnson's Indiscreet Speeches in February, 1866 65 6. Civil Rights; Other Bills 68 7. Report of Committee on Reconstruction 73 8. Authorized Measures of First Session 80 CHAPTER IV. THE CAMPAIGN OF 1866. 1. Crisis in the Cabinet 87 2. The New Orleans Riots 88