The famous Omar Pasha who was one of the Serdars commanding the Asiatic division, has lately been elevated to the post of Ser Asker. The rank and file of the Turkish army in composed of able-bodied and well-drilled soldiers; but they are badly officered by illiterate men, raised from the ranks, who are untarnished by modern reforms and imbued with a due share of the popular national conceit. It is only very recently, that a military school having been established, the army is supplied with well instructed officers, among whom may be found many of the sons of the grandees of the empire. There is, however, a constant jealousy between these more enlightened young commanders, and the old veterans of the ancien régime; the latter regarding the former as mere upstarts and parvenus. The Rayas, or Christian subjects have hitherto been exempt from military service not because they are not fitted to become the defenders of their country, equally with their Mohammedan compatriots, but lest by coming into competition with them they should rise to high posts in the army, and rank even above their Mussulman subordinates. The Turkish navy is comprised thus: +--------------------------+-----------------------------+ | |Ships.| Guns.| Men. | | +------+------+---------------+ | Three-Deckers, | 2 | 260 | 2700 | | Two-Deckers, | 8 | 668 | 9500 | | Frigates, | 14 | 788 | 5400 | | Corvettes, | 6 | 100 | Indeterminate | | Brigs, | 6 | 80 | ,, | | Schooners, cutters, &c., | 12 | 72 | ,, | | War Steamers, &c., | 28 | 112 | ,, | | +------+------+---------------+ | | 76 | 2080 | 20 @ 25,000 | | Destroyed at Sinope, | 11 | | | | +------+ | | | | 65 | | | +--------------------------+------+------+---------------+ Many of the Turkish vessels of war are noble specimens of naval architecture. For ever since the beautiful models built by Ekford and his successors, Rhodes and Beeves, have floated upon their waters, a wonderful impetus has been given to the navy of the Osmanlis--and the prow of almost every vessel bears the impress of American ingenuity. Magnificent men of war, vessels of the line, frigates, sloops, brigs, schooners, and cutters lie all along the Bosphorus, fully manned and equipped. But so seldom are they in action, or so rarely do they sail beyond the "ocean stream," that the men are utterly without the incitement of any real engagements, and unused to rougher seas--so that if, perchance, they are called into active service, more than half of them are confined to their hammocks.