The suppression of tuberculosis: $b Together with observations concerning phthisiogenesis in man and animals and suggestions concerning the hygiene of cow stables and the production of milk for infant-feeding, with special reference to tuberculosis — John Shaqi
The suppression of tuberculosis: $b Together with observations concerning phthisiogenesis in man and animals and suggestions concerning the hygiene of cow stables and the production of milk for infant-feeding, with special reference to tuberculosisBehring, Emil von
Science
The suppression of tuberculosis: $b Together with observations concerning phthisiogenesis in man and animals and suggestions concerning the hygiene of cow stables and the production of milk for infant-feeding, with special reference to tuberculosis
Behring, Emil von
Tuberculosis -- Prevention
11. If the milk hygienic rules above mentioned are carefully followed,
and if attention is paid to the experiences regarding a rational method
of feeding milch cows, it is possible, without any further method of
preserving the milk, to have the same capable of being transported and
kept for sixteen hours without losing its adaptability as infant food.
In Berlin I saw such a milk reach the consumer with a germ-content of
not over 1000 germs per cubic centimeter. On the other hand, I have
seen milk derived from dirty cows and collected without particular
hygienic precautions, after being transported six hours, contain a
hundred to a thousand times as many germs. In such cases, soon after
milking, the milk often contains from 30,000 to 100,000 germs per cubic
centimeter.
In the strictly fresh milk from my own cows the number of germs per
cubic centimeter varies from 10 to 50 to 200. Such milk kept at room
temperature does not coagulate until after three to five days.
At present I regard 1000 germs per cubic centimeter at the time of
feeding to be a safe limit for milk fed to infants.
12. If a milk collected in accordance with the preceding regulations
is to be made capable of being transported and kept for three days (in
which case coagulation factors must be reckoned with) without losing
its qualifications as an infant food, the addition of formaldehyde in
the proportion of 1:40,000 (B. f. milk) is to be recommended.
The following manipulations are then to be carried out:
I. Preparing a formaldehyde stock solution containing 0.5%
formaldehyde. (One part of commercial formaldehyde and 79 parts of
boiled water.) This solution will keep for two or three days.
II. Pouring 50 c.c. of this 0.5% stock solution (= .25 gramme
formaldehyde) into an empty tin pail in which a mark has been made at
the 10-liter level.
III. Milking into this pail up to the mark.
IV. Straining, airing, cooling, etc., according to paragraph 10, IV, V,
and VI.
13. In order not to conflict with the government sanitary regulations
the milk producers at present delivering this B. f. milk have agreed to
supply it only to certain private institutions designated by me.
14. Should the authorities later decide to allow the sale of this B. f.
milk, it is recommended that licenses be issued, out of the proceeds
of which veterinary physicians be appointed to see that this B. f. milk
is produced in accordance with these regulations.
15. Containers for B. f. milk should have trademarked labels indicating
that the milk has been produced in conformity with the requirements.
Beside this the label should bear in clear figures the time and date of
milking.
16. Whenever for any reason it is impossible to raise a calf directly
on the udder, B. f. milk should be preferred to milk sterilized
by heat. In the production of B. f. milk tubercular and suspected
tubercular cows are to be excluded on principle.
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