The Swedes on the Delaware, 1638-1664Johnson, Amandus
History
The Swedes on the Delaware, 1638-1664
Johnson, Amandus
Delaware River Valley (N.Y.-Del. and N.J.) -- History; New Sweden -- History; Swedes -- United States
In the autumn the council issued an order “that every freeman [at the
Sandhook] should enclose his plantation, and watch his cattle that
they did no damage to others, on penalty of punishment.” Orders for
the clearing of certain lands were likewise given to the freemen.
“The field at Fort Christina was ploughed, and manure was brought upon
it.... The land across Christina River [opposite the fort, called the
low-land], was cleared and sown with wheat” by some freemen, who were
to have one-third of the crop for their labor. Horses and oxen were
taken to the Sandhook for the ploughing and cultivation of certain
farms, which had been forfeited to the company by Dutch colonists. In
October, November and December “the new freemen were ordered to clear
their lands at various places, for the purpose of planting maize in the
coming spring; and several fields at Sandhook, at Fort Christina and
up at the [Christina] River were cleared and sown for the benefit of
the company with the grain which Mr. Lord had brought in.... A pair of
young oxen belonging to the company was assigned to Måns Månsson, the
Finn, who had rented a farm at Upland.... Some old freemen were also
ordered to help with their oxen, so that sufficient land was cleared
for the sowing of about sixty to seventy bushels (about seventy to
eighty acres), part of it being sown with wheat, the other part to be
planted with maize in the spring. Various kinds of fruit trees were
also planted in the autumn both by Rising and the freemen.”
Director Rising had received a grant of land in the colony large enough
for the settlement of twenty to thirty peasants; but it was located
at Fort Trinity, “somewhat remote from Christina, so that he could not
superintend it daily,” and he therefore requested a grant on Timber
Island instead of it. He did not wait for an answer from Sweden, but
proceeded to clear it off at his own expense with the assistance of the
officers and servants. Then he “caused a house with two stories to be
built thereon and a dwelling as well as a cellar below it.”
The mill-dam and mill were repaired, and towards the end of October
Rising went up to Naaman’s Kill “in company with several good men,”
where he found “a serviceable little waterfall for a sawmill.” Such
a mill, able to supply the needs of the country and produce lumber
for export, had been planned by Printz. Now it could be erected, as
saw-blades had been imported on the _Örn_; but the director
decided to wait until the following spring.
A great calamity threatened the colony in the fall. A fire broke
out in Christina one night, endangering the entire fort; but it was
fortunately extinguished without loss of property or life. A little
later a storm of tremendous velocity accompanied by “an exceptionally
high flood” damaged Fort Trinity, “washing away the wall up to the
palisades.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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