The Swedes on the Delaware, 1638-1664Johnson, Amandus
History
The Swedes on the Delaware, 1638-1664
Johnson, Amandus
Delaware River Valley (N.Y.-Del. and N.J.) -- History; New Sweden -- History; Swedes -- United States
The condition of the besieged was daily growing worse. Some were
mutinous and many were ill. The fort had been reduced to its last
extremity, the guns of the Dutch were pointed at the walls, and
everything was ready for an attack. The officers saw the futility of
further resistance. It was decided to capitulate on the best terms
that could be had. At sunset Stuyvesant was informed that Rising was
willing to meet him on the fourteenth. Time and place of meeting
having been agreed upon, the “director of New Sweden” and the general
director of New Netherland met “on the place of parole between Fort
Christina and the headquarters of General Peter Stuyvesant in a large
and beautiful tent erected for that purpose.” Rising was accompanied
by Von Elswick and Jacob Svensson and Stuyvesant was followed by
Vice-Governor de Sille and Major Friedrich de Coeninck. The conference
lasted for about an hour. Rising warned his opponent not to press his
demands too far, as the consequences might have far-reaching results in
Europe, but Stuyvesant would listen to no other terms than “complete
and unconditional” surrender. Finally Rising agreed to give up the
fort. The articles of surrender, which had been drafted by Elswick
at Rising’s request, undoubtedly according to the propositions and
suggestions of the different members of the council of war, were
presented to Stuyvesant for his approval. Very few changes were made,
it seems, so that the treaty became a most favorable one to the Swedes.
The capitulation (in eleven articles), which was to be signed by the
two governors the next day (September 15), contained the following main
points: The garrison should march out of the fort to Timber Island with
all the honors of war; all chattels, “belonging to the High Crown of
Sweden and the South Company ... in and about Fort Christina,” should
remain the property of said parties and should be turned over to the
owners, whenever demanded; likewise “all writings, letters, documents
and deeds of the High Crown of Sweden and the South Company or of
private persons, found in Fort Christina,” were to “remain untouched
without hindrance and visitation in the hands of the governor and his
people, to take them away, whenever they please”; “the officials,
officers, soldiers and freemen ... [were to be allowed to] keep their
own movable goods unhindered and undamaged,” and they were permitted
to dispose of them in any manner they saw fit; the Swedes were to
have liberty to leave the country without restriction, and all who
returned home should be transported to Gothenburg free of expense;
Rising should have the right to admonish his own people to return to
their native land in case some were inclined to remain, the length of
1½ years to be granted to such as could not go at once, in which “to
dispose of their movable and immovable property”; all who wished to
remain in the country under Dutch jurisdiction could do so, and they
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