The Swedes on the Delaware, 1638-1664Johnson, Amandus
History
The Swedes on the Delaware, 1638-1664
Johnson, Amandus
Delaware River Valley (N.Y.-Del. and N.J.) -- History; New Sweden -- History; Swedes -- United States
Beeckman proposed a tax on the Swedes and Finns to the amount of 400
guilders a year, thus providing for the current expenses, and the
directors of the Dutch West India Company disapproved of giving them
officers of their own. Stuyvesant, however, replied to their orders for
discharging these officers and appointing Hollanders in their stead,
that he thought the hearts of the Swedes could best be won by methods
of lenient government. They were also called upon to do military duty,
but objected strongly, and the Dutch had no power to force them, while
Beeckman reported that in an emergency “they would be more cumbersome
than useful.” Troubles arose with the English as well as the savages,
keeping the Dutch in constant alarm, who, as a consequence were forced
to treat “their foreign subjects” with more respect and consideration
than would otherwise have been the case.
Attempts were made from time to time to settle them in villages, so as
to simplify the jurisdiction over them; and in the spring of 1660 the
fiscal, De Sille, was instructed to engage some of them as soldiers,
or to persuade them to settle near New Amsterdam as freemen, asking,
“with all imaginable and kindly persuasive reasons,” the “help and
intercessions” of the Swedish sheriff and commissaries. But the Swedes
were opposed to removal, and De Sille was unsuccessful in his mission.
Jacob Alrichs died December 20 (30), 1659, and Alexander d’Hinoyossa
was made provisory director in his stead. The Swedes and Finns who
could bear arms now numbered about 130, according to the report of
Van Dyck. Disputes as to the distribution of land arose among them
about this time, perhaps largely occasioned by the fact that many
of the Finns understood neither Swedish nor Dutch, making business
transactions difficult. In the spring of 1660 some twenty Swedish and
Finnish families desired to remove to the neighborhood of New Amstel,
but it appears that they were forbidden to do so. Later, however,
D’Hinoyossa invited others to settle there.
The Swedes and Finns contrived throughout this period of trade with
the savages, but they were somewhat restricted in their freedom by
D’Hinoyossa, giving rise to complaints and dissatisfactions. They were
particularly successful farmers, and many of them attained prosperity.
Hence they were very desirable colonists, and when requests for
additional agriculturists were sent to Amsterdam, the comment was
appended, “not Hollanders, however, but other nations and especially
Finns and Swedes, who are good farmers.” A grist mill was built by
Johan Stålkofta (Stalcop), L. Petersson and Hans Block in the summer of
1662 at the Falls of Turtle Kill, and the old mill erected by Printz
was kept in repair.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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