The Swedes on the Delaware, 1638-1664Johnson, Amandus
History
The Swedes on the Delaware, 1638-1664
Johnson, Amandus
Delaware River Valley (N.Y.-Del. and N.J.) -- History; New Sweden -- History; Swedes -- United States
This report kindled the interest of Dutch merchants, and several
expeditions were sent to the land visited by Hudson. The English were
also navigating these waters, and in August, 1610, Captain Samuel
Argall anchored in the Delaware, naming the South point of the bay
“Cape de la Ware.” About this time the English of Virginia began to
call the mouth of the river Delaware Bay in honor of their governor,--a
name which was soon applied to the entire river.
In the spring of 1616 Cornelis Hendricksen was sent from New Amsterdam
(the Dutch trading post at present New York) in the _Onrust_
(Restlessness) to explore the coast southward. He discovered “certain
lands, a bay (the Delaware) and three rivers”, making it probable that
he ascended to the mouth of the Schuylkill or at least to the Minquas
Kill. On his return to Holland in the same year he presented a report
and a figurative map, the first of the Delaware known to exist. The
river was soon called the South River by the Dutch to distinguish it
from the North River or the Hudson. In 1620 Cornelis May of Hoorn
sailed up the Delaware, where he discovered “some new and fruitful
lands,” and after him the Dutch called the mouth of the river _New
Port May_.
The year 1621 is an eventful one in the history of the Delaware
country. The Dutch West India Company, organized by Willem Usselinx,
was chartered in June, and from now on trading expeditions were sent at
intervals direct to the South River.
In 1623 Captain May of Hoorn erected Fort Nassau on the east side of
the river a little below present Camden to protect the beaver traffic
and to keep out traders, who had no permit from the West India Company.
In a few years, however, the stronghold was deserted. In 1631 Samuel
Blommaert in company with others, having purchased certain tracts from
the natives, planted a colony on the west bank of the Horn Kill; but
all the settlers, except one man, were killed by the Indians, shortly
after their arrival, and in 1635 the title was sold to the Dutch West
India Company.
English and French vessels likewise visited the river for barter with
the natives. Two different royal grants given to Englishmen included
the Delaware and attempts at settlements seem to have been made by the
English. It has also been said that King Charles I transferred his
interests in this territory to Sweden about 1634.
In the summer of 1633 Fort Nassau was re-occupied by the Dutch. A house
was built and other improvements were made. About this time the new
commissioner Arent Corsen purchased a tract of land on the Schuylkill
from several Indian chiefs, and seems to have erected a blockhouse at a
place convenient for the beaver trade. But the fort was soon deserted
for the fourth time. In 1636 or 1637, however, a new garrison of about
twenty men was stationed there with Jan Jansen as commissioner and
Peter May as assistant, and this force was maintained when the Swedes
arrived in the spring of 1638.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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