The Swedes on the Delaware, 1638-1664Johnson, Amandus
History
The Swedes on the Delaware, 1638-1664
Johnson, Amandus
Delaware River Valley (N.Y.-Del. and N.J.) -- History; New Sweden -- History; Swedes -- United States
The land in the neighborhood of Fort Christina had greatly changed in
the spring of 1642. New cottages could be seen around the trading post;
new clearings were beginning to break the monotony of the forests, and
grain was sprouting from the fresh furrows. Tobacco was cultivated
here and there, and vegetables of various kinds were growing for the
supplies of the colony. We know nothing about the crops of New Sweden
in 1642, but a windmill was built near or within Christina, where flour
was ground throughout the autumn and winter. “Sickness and mortality”,
says Governor Winthrop, “befell the Swedes in 1642”; but there is no
mention of it in the extant Swedish records, nor do the preserved
documents give us any information of other internal events before the
arrival of Governor Printz.
It is a curious fact that Joost van Bogaert, with the exception of a
single reference in Plantagenet’s _New Albion_, “disappears from
history” with his settlement after 1642. It therefore seems possible
that Bogaert and some of his people died in that year. We may then
assume that the surviving Dutch colonists gradually removed to their
countrymen at Fort Nassau or in New Amsterdam (a few possibly settling
among the Swedes), for Printz makes no mention of these Dutch in his
reports, which he surely would have done, had their colony been intact
in 1643.
“The houses which the Swedes erected for themselves, when they first
came here, were very poor”, says Kalm, “a little cottage built of round
logs with the door so low that it was necessary to bend down when
entering. As the colonists had no windows with them small loopholes
served the purpose, covered with a sliding board, which could be
closed and opened. Clay was plastered into the cracks between the logs
on both sides of the walls. The fireplaces were made from granite
boulders found on the hills, or, in places where there were no stones,
out of mere clay. The bakeoven was also made inside the house.” This
description, based on the accounts of an old settler, gives, I think,
a fairly accurate picture of the dwellings in New Sweden before Printz
arrived. As time went on more pretentious buildings were erected.
As to the administration of justice in the colony during this period
we know nothing, but it is probable that courts were held at Christina
from the beginning of the settlement in 1638.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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