The Swedes on the Delaware, 1638-1664Johnson, Amandus
History
The Swedes on the Delaware, 1638-1664
Johnson, Amandus
Delaware River Valley (N.Y.-Del. and N.J.) -- History; New Sweden -- History; Swedes -- United States
But trade and commercial activities were not allowed to interfere
with agriculture and other domestic duties. The old plantations were
enlarged during the winter and early spring, and the forest had been
removed on comparatively big areas when seeding time came. New ground
had been cleared “in the Schuylkill”, where a strong blockhouse
was erected for the safety of the settlers who resided there. The
blockhouse probably served the double purpose of a dwelling house for
the lieutenant and his men and of a store house and trading post. It
was located on “the island in the Schuylkill”, where Korsholm was later
built, “and little stone cannon[15] were placed upon it.” Lieutenant
Måns Kling was stationed there, but without soldiers, as the freemen
and servants of the place were called upon to do service in case of
need. As time went on several dwellings seem to have been erected in
the neighborhood of the blockhouse.
When planting time drew near the newly cleared plots were broken,
and the slow steady oxen could be seen plodding their way among the
stumps, where the plough, “turning over the sod,” prepared the soil for
the grain, while laborers were at work, planting tobacco at several
openings in the wood. Since the Indian corn failed to produce desired
results and since it could be bought cheaply from the savages, none
was planted this spring; and all the corn plantations of the previous
year were put into tobacco. There were now three large plantations in
New Sweden besides one or more smaller ones. The most important field
was at Upland, where twelve men, including the expert planter, were
engaged, Christina was the next largest tobacco tract, and eleven
planters were stationed there, while seven men were employed to
cultivate the plant near “the blockhouse in the Schuylkill.”
Not only was agriculture improved and placed on a more prosperous
footing with the arrival of Printz, but cattle and horse raising was
looked after. The swine which had been allowed to run wild were partly
kept in pens or herded by Anders Mink and his son. The horses were
always grazed on enclosed pastures, but the cattle were allowed to
roam at large through the woods in the neighborhood of the settlements
herded by Sven Svensson. The sheep were probably confined within fenced
areas, as it was difficult to keep them away from the fields under
cultivation, and the goats were likely chained to posts, and moved
from place to place, or allowed to follow the cattle or sheep. We may
assume with a fair degree of certainty that the orchards and other
smaller tracts were enclosed with wooden fences to keep out the cattle,
when these were driven home at night. The cattle were kept in “the
barn-yard” during the night to prevent them from being lost. In Sweden
the milking was done by the women, but men often did it in the colony,
where they were compelled to perform all kinds of “women’s labor.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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