The Swedes on the Delaware, 1638-1664Johnson, Amandus
History
The Swedes on the Delaware, 1638-1664
Johnson, Amandus
Delaware River Valley (N.Y.-Del. and N.J.) -- History; New Sweden -- History; Swedes -- United States
The relations between the Swedes and the Indians were not always
peaceful. The savages had attacked the Dutch and English colonies
with success in 1644, and the tribes in New Sweden became proud and
pretentious. In order to impose upon them and make them believe that
a large number of Swedish settlers were about to arrive, Printz “told
them the whole year” that he expected ships with a great many colonists
and large supplies. Finding, however, that only one ship arrived with
few colonists, the savages took courage, “fell in between Tinicum and
Upland, and murdered a man and [his] wife on their bed; and a few days
later they killed two soldiers and a workman.” “But when the chiefs
saw that Printz assembled his people to avoid future attack, they were
frightened, collected from all parts, excused themselves, saying that
it had happened without their knowledge, and sued for peace.” Peace was
granted them on the condition, says Printz, “that if they hereafter
committed the least offence against our people, then we would not let a
soul of them live.” The treaty was signed by the chiefs and likely by
the Swedes, and gifts were exchanged according to the Indian custom.
But Printz wrote that “they trust us in no wise, and we trust them
still less”; and Papegoja said that the colony was in great danger from
the savages.
Governor Printz continued to treat the Indians with consideration,
and always avoided friction during his governorship; but this was of
necessity and not out of kindness nor love for them. He was a warrior
with a warrior’s ideas, and the best way in his opinion to solve the
Indian problem was to exterminate “the Americans.” Accordingly he
proposed in view of the troubles of 1644, that a force of 200 soldiers
should be sent to his aid, with which he would be able to “break the
neck of every Indian in the river.” Such a course would be no loss to
the beaver trade, he said, but rather the reverse, for these Indians
(the Delawares) were poor, and had only maize to sell; and it would
open the way for an unmolested trade with the Black and White Minquas.
It would also strengthen the title to New Sweden, for when the Swedes
“had not only purchased the river, but also won it with the sword;
then no one, whosoever he be, Hollander or Englishman, could now or
in coming times make pretentions to this place.” It is possible that
these ideas were inspired by Governor Kieft, and that the two governors
planned concerted action. Fortunately, however, the request of Printz
for 200 soldiers was not granted by the government at Stockholm. We
might otherwise have had the bloody history of New Amsterdam repeated
in New Sweden.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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