There have been three amendments to the Constitution from the date of its adoption in 1874 to 1889 inclusive: 1. In 1879, Article lxv. of the Constitution abolishing capital punishment was repealed, and in lieu thereof the following substituted: “No death penalty shall be pronounced for a political crime.”[25] 2. In 1885, Article xxxii. of the Constitution was modified so that drinking-places and the retail trade in spirituous liquors should be excepted from the guarantee of freedom of trade and of industry; but the Cantons might by legislation subject the keeping of drinking-places and the retail trade in spirituous liquors to such restrictions as are required for the public welfare. And Article xxxii. _bis_ was added authorizing the Confederation by legislation to regulate the manufacture and sale of alcohol. In this legislation those products which are intended for exportation, or which have been subjected to a process excluding them from use as a beverage, shall be subjected to no tax. Distillation of wine, fruit, and the products of gentian roots, juniper berries, and similar products are not subject to Federal legislation as to manufacture or tax. After the cessation of the import duties on spirituous liquors, as provided for, the trade in liquors not distilled shall not be subjected by the Cantons to any special taxes, or to other limitations than those necessary for protection against adulterated or noxious beverages. Nevertheless the powers of the Cantons defined in the Constitution are retained over the keeping of drinking-places, and the sale at retail of quantities less than two _litres_. The net proceeds resulting from taxation on the sale of alcohol shall belong to the Cantons in which the tax is levied. The net proceeds to the Confederation from the internal manufacture of alcohol, and the corresponding addition to the duty on imported alcohol, shall be divided among all the Cantons in proportion to population. Out of the receipts therefrom the Cantons must expend not less than one-tenth in combating drunkenness in its causes and effects. The Confederation shall provide by law that for such Cantons or Communes as may suffer financial loss through the effect of this amendment, such loss shall not come upon them immediately in its full extent, but gradually up to the year of 1895.[26] 3. In 1887, Article lxiv. of the Constitution was so amended as to give the Confederation the power to make laws, “On the protection of new patterns and forms, and of inventions which are represented in models and are capable of industrial application.” All amendments to the Swiss Constitution are incorporated in their logical place in the text immediately upon their adoption.