The Symbolism of Churches and Church Ornaments: A Translation of the First Book of the Rationale Divinorum OfficiorumDurand, Guillaume
Religion
The Symbolism of Churches and Church Ornaments: A Translation of the First Book of the Rationale Divinorum Officiorum
Durand, Guillaume
Christian art and symbolism; Church architecture
15. Furthermore, the church consisteth of four walls, that is, is
built on the doctrine of the Four Evangelists; and hath length,
breadth, and height: the height representeth courage, the length
fortitude, which patiently endureth till it attaineth its heavenly
home; the breadth is charity, which, with long suffering, loveth its
friends in God, and its foes for God; and again, its height is the
hope of future retribution, which despiseth prosperity and adversity,
hoping 'to see the goodness of the Lord in the land of the living.'
[Footnote 142]
[Footnote 142: Psalm xxvii (_Dominus illuminatio_), 13.]
16. Again, in the temple of God, the foundation is faith, which is
conversant with unseen things: the roof, charity, 'which covereth a
multitude of sins.' [Footnote 143] The door, obedience, of which the
Lord saith, 'If thou wilt enter into life, keep the commandments.'
[Footnote 144] The pavement, humility, of which the Psalmist saith,
'My soul cleaveth to the pavement.' [Footnote 145]
[Footnote 143: I S. Peter iv, 8.]
[Footnote 144: S. Matthew xix, 17.]
[Footnote 145: Psalm cxix (_Adhaesit pavimento_), 25.]
17. The four side-walls, the four cardinal virtues, justice,
fortitude, temperance, prudence. Hence the Apocalypse saith, 'The city
lieth four-square.' [Footnote 146] The windows are hospitality with
cheerfulness, and tenderness with charity.
[Footnote 146: Rev. xxi, 16.]
{21}
Concerning this house saith the Lord, 'We will come unto him, and make
our abode with him.' [Footnote 147] But some churches are built in
the shape of a cross, to signify, that we are crucified to the world,
and should tread in the steps of the Crucified, according to that
saying, 'If any man will come after Me, let him deny himself and take
up his cross, and follow Me.' [Footnote 148] Some also are built in
the form of a circle: [Footnote 149] to signify that the Church hath
been extended throughout the circle of the world, as saith the
Psalmist: 'And their words unto the end of the world.' [Footnote
150] Or because from the circle of this world, we reach forth to that
crown of eternity which shall encircle our brows.
[Footnote 147: S. John xiv, 23.]
[Footnote 148: S. Matthew xvi, 18.]
[Footnote 149: This of course refers to the Church of the Holy
Sepulchre, the prototype of these buildings. There are four, as it
is well known, in England yet standing, and two in ruins--namely,
Temple Aslackby, in Lincolnshire, and the church in Ludlow Castle.]
[Footnote 150: Psalm xix (_Caeli enarrant_), 4.]
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