The Symbolism of Churches and Church Ornaments: A Translation of the First Book of the Rationale Divinorum OfficiorumDurand, Guillaume
Religion
The Symbolism of Churches and Church Ornaments: A Translation of the First Book of the Rationale Divinorum Officiorum
Durand, Guillaume
Christian art and symbolism; Church architecture
But for three days before Easter the bells be silent, as shall be said
hereafter. [Footnote 365] Also the bells be silent in time of an
interdict, because often for the fault of those put under them the
tongue of the preachers is hindered; according to that of the Prophet,
'I will make thy tongue cleave to the roof of thy mouth, for they are
a rebellious house'; [Footnote 366] that is, for the people are
disobedient.
[Footnote 365: See Appendix.]
[Footnote 366: Ezekiel iii, 26.]
The Church also hath organs, of which we shall speak hereafter.
[Footnote 367]
[Footnote 367: Durandus, in his fourth book, chapter xxxiv, '_Of the
Sanctus_,' says, 'Moreover in this conceit of angels and men, the
organs do from time to time add their harmony: the which was
introduced by David and Solomon, who did cause hymns to be sung at
the sacrifice of the Lord, with the concert of organs and other
instruments of music, and the people also to join in chorus.']
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CHAPTER V
OF CEMETERIES AND OTHER PLACES, SACRED AND RELIGIOUS
Holiness of Places; its Origin--Difference between Sacred, Holy, and
Religious--Different Names for Cemetery--First use of Cemeteries--Who
are not to be Buried in the Church--Ancient Method of Burial--Who are
to be Buried in a Cemetery.
1. Now we will Speak of cemeteries and other sacred and religious
places. Of consecrated places, some be appropriated to human
necessity, others to prayers. Those of the first sort be a
_xenodochium_ or _xenostorium_, which is the same: a _vasochonium_, a
_gerontocomium_, an _orphanotrophium_, a _brephotrophiuin_. For holy
fathers and religious princes have founded places of this kind, where
the poor, the pilgrims, old men, orphans, infants, men past work, the
halt, the weak, and the wounded should be received and attended. And
note that _geronta_ in Greek is the same as _senex_ in Latin.
But of places appropriated to prayer, there be that are _sacred_,
there be that are _holy_, and there be that are _religious_.
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2. _Sacred_ be they which by the hands of the bishop have duly been
sanctified and set apart to the Lord, and which be called by various
names, as hath been said in the section on Churches. _Holy_ be they
which have immunity or privilege: and be set apart for the servitors
or ministers of the Church, concerning which, under threat of condign
punishment, either by the canon law or by special privilege, it is
ordained that no man shall presume to violate them. Such be the courts
of churches, and in some places the cloisters, within which be the
houses of the canons. To which when criminals of whatever kind betake
themselves they have safety. And so according to the statutes of the
civil law be the gates and theatres of cities.
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