The Systematics of the Frogs of the Hyla Rubra Group in Middle AmericaLeón, Juan R.
Science
The Systematics of the Frogs of the Hyla Rubra Group in Middle America
León, Juan R.
Frogs -- Central America; Hyla rubra
_Remarks._--_Hyla staufferi_ was described by Cope (1865:195) on the
basis of specimens from Orizaba, Veracruz, México. He described the
color pattern as "color above dark olive, with a short black bar over
each scapula, and one from eye to eye, with a trace along the coccyx."
Cope (1887:14) placed _staufferi_ as a subspecies of _Hyla eximia_, but
he did not justify his action. Günther (1901:262) also considered
_staufferi_ to be conspecific with _eximia_ without making any
qualifying statement. Dunn and Emlen (1932:24) named _Hyla culex_ from
Tela, Honduras, on the basis of a male (MCZ 16098) having a snout-vent
length of 25.1 mm., and a female (USNM 20267) from Patuca, Honduras.
They diagnosed the species as having "discs larger than tympanum ...
black interorbital triangle, traces of black dorsal marking; three
black bars on anterior and posterior face of thighs, two black bars on
tibia, on tarsus and on forearm." The holotype now is faded but has
some of the pattern described. Dunn and Emlen did not compare _culex_
with _staufferi_ but did compare it with _boulengeri_ and _rubra_.
Dunn (1933:61) named _Hyla altae_ from Summit, Canal Zone. His
description was based on a male (MCZ 17972) having a snout-vent length
of 25.1 mm., the color pattern was described as "gray with four darker
dorsal stripes ... a faint trace of mid-dorsal striping...." Dunn
defined the _Hyla rubra_ group and recognized _boulengeri_, _altae_,
_culex_, and _rubra_ as members. _Hyla elaeochroa_ and _staufferi_ were
omitted from his key to the group in Central America.
Kellogg (1932:174) compared _staufferi_ with _eximia_ and concluded
that the two were probably distinct species. Stuart (1935:38)
considered _altae_ to be a synonym of _culex_. Gaige (1936:293)
considered _altae_ and _culex_ to be conspecific but regarded
_staufferi_ as a different species. She also suggested that _staufferi_
was not related to _eximia_ but belonged to the _rubra_ group. Taylor
(1952:865) and Duellman (1966a:274) considered _altae_ and _culex_ to
be synonyms of _staufferi_.
The only other worker besides Cope and Günther to consider _Hyla
staufferi_ as a member of the _eximia_ group was Blair (1960:129), who
suggested the relationship on the basis of similarities in the
structure of the calls of _eximia_ and _staufferi_. Taylor (1938:421)
and Smith and Taylor (1948:78) excluded _staufferi_ from the _eximia_
group on the basis of morphological characteristics. I consider _culex_
to be inseparable from _staufferi_, whereas _altae_ is recognizable as
a Panamanian subspecies of _staufferi_.
_Hyla staufferi staufferi_ Cope, New Combination
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