The Tale of the Great MutinyFitchett, W. H. (William Henry)
History
The Tale of the Great Mutiny
Fitchett, W. H. (William Henry)
India -- History -- Sepoy Rebellion, 1857-1858
With the fall of Delhi the tale of the Great Mutiny practically ends.
Lucknow, it is true, remained to be captured. The broken forces of
the mutineers had to be crushed in detail. A new system of civil
administration had to be built up. The famous Company itself vanished—the
native prophecy that the _raj_ of the Company would last only a hundred
years from Plassey thus being curiously fulfilled; and on September
1, 1858—less than a year after Delhi fell—the Queen was proclaimed
throughout India as its Sovereign. But Hodson, who in addition to being a
great soldier had a wizard-like insight into the real meaning of events,
was right when, on the evening of the day on which the British flag
was hoisted once more over the royal palace at Delhi, he wrote in his
journal: “This day will be a memorable one in the annals of the empire.
The restoration of British rule in the East dates from September 20,
1857.”
Yet there would be a certain failure in the dramatic completeness of the
story were it to end leaving Lucknow in the hands of the rebels. The
tale of the storming of the capital of Oude must be added as a pendant
to that other great siege which planted the British flag on the walls of
Delhi.
There was, in a sense, no “siege” of Lucknow by the British. There was no
investment, no formal approaches, no zigzag of trenches. It was a storm,
rather than a siege—though the fighting stretched from March 2 to March
21, 1858. But it was the last of the great military operations of the
campaign which crushed the Mutiny. The fall of the city left the historic
revolt without a centre. The war, henceforth, always excepting the
brilliant campaign of Sir Hugh Rose in the Central Provinces, became a
guerilla campaign; a campaign of petty sieges, of the hunting down of one
Sepoy leader after another, of the rout of this petty body of mutineers,
or of that. It is curious to note how great civilians and great soldiers
differed in judgment as to the policy of undertaking the recapture of
Lucknow at that particular moment. Colin Campbell’s strategy was to
conduct a cool campaign in the hills of Rohilcund, and leave Lucknow
alone for the present. That city would serve as a sort of draining
ground, a centre into which all the mutineers would flow; and when cool
weather came, Campbell, imprisoning Lucknow in a girdle of converging
columns, would destroy or capture the mutineers in one vast “bag.”
This was leisurely and wary strategy; but it overlooked the political
elements in the problem. It was the scheme of a soldier rather than of
a statesman. Lucknow, left for months undisturbed, would be a signal of
hope for every revolted chief and mutinous Sepoy. It might well take the
place of Delhi as the brain and heart of the Mutiny. It would be a sign
to all India that the British did not feel themselves strong enough, as
yet, to strike at the centre of the rebel power.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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