The Tattva-MuktavaliGaudapurnanandacakravarti, active 17th century
Religion
The Tattva-Muktavali
Gaudapurnanandacakravarti, active 17th century
Dvaita (Vedanta) -- Early works to 1800; Hindu philosophy -- Early works to 1800
80. In five of the systems I have only heard peremptorily asserted
in many places the difference between the supreme and the individual
souls; what is this that I hear asserted in the Vedânta system?
"Plurality, unity, both,"--this is a threefold marvel! [Footnote:
This is an attack on Râmânuja's system, as opposed to that of
Pûr.naprajña or Madhva, cf. Sarva-daršana S. p. 52, l. 20, "What is
the real truth? The real truth is plurality, unity, and both. Thus
unity is admitted in saying that Brahman alone subsists in all forms
as all is its body; both unity and plurality are admitted in saying
that one only Brahman subsists under a plurality of forms, diverse
as soul and non-soul; and plurality is admitted in saying that the
essential natures of soul, non-soul, and the Lord are different and
not to be confounded." This doctrine is opposed by the followers of
Madhva, see __ibid.__, Pûr.naprajña-darš. p. 61, l. 11.]
81. He who is the maker of all and the Lord of the world is
independent by reason of his essential independence; the individual
soul is notoriously dependent; how can they say then that these two
are identical?
82. There are various flavours in honey [existing distinct] through
the difference of the trees [from whose flowers it is produced];
how else could it remove the three-fold disorders? [Footnote:
__I.e.__ those affecting the three "humours" of the body, __i.e.
vâyu__ 'wind,' __pitta__ 'bile,' and __kapha__ 'phlegm.' Certain
flavours of the honey counteract one disorder and others another.
The Sušruta thus describes honey (vol. i. p. 185): "When cooked it
removes the three-fold disorders, but when raw or sour it causes
them; when used in various applications it cures many disorders;
and since it is composed of many different things it is an
excellent medium for mixing. But as it consists of the juices of
flowers which are mutually contrary in the action, potency, and
qualities of their various ingredients, and it may happen that
poisonous insects may be included, it is only good as a remedy for
cold diseases."] So the individual souls at the world's
dissolution are absorbed in the Lord; but they do not become
identified with Him, for they are again separated at the next
creation.
83. There is a difference between rivers and the sea, with their
respective sweet and salt water; so too God and the soul are
different and possessed of distinct attributes [Footnote: In
allusion to Mu.n.d. Upan. iii. 2. 8.].
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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