Let us now look at the Swiss Factory Regulations. The Confederate Factory Act of March 23, 1877, has given no legal definition of the word "Factory," but only of "protected labour." It extends protection to "any industrial institution in which a number of workmen are employed simultaneously and regularly in enclosed rooms outside their own dwellings." According to the interpretation of the Bundesrath (Federal Council) "workers outside their dwellings" are those "whose work is carried on in special workrooms, and not in the dwelling rooms of the family itself, nor exclusively by members of one family." Furthermore, all parts of the Factory in which preparatory work is carried on are subject to the Factory Act, as well as all kinds of printing establishments in which more than five workmen are employed. The Swiss Factory Act requires that a Factory shall possess all those characteristics assigned to it by German protective law, with the exception, however, of power machinery, and hence it doubtless covers all manufacturing business in which a number of workmen are employed. According to Buetcher,[6] in the practical application of factory-protection in the Confederate States, any industrial establishment is treated as a factory which employs more than twenty-five workers or more than five power-engines, in which poisonous ingredients or dangerous tools are used, in which women and young persons (under eighteen years) are employed (with the exception of mills employing more than two workers not belonging to the family), and sewing business carried on with the help of three or four machines not exclusively worked by members of the family. In Great Britain the Factory and Workshop Acts of March 27, 1878, cover all factory labour, and the bulk of workshop business, _i.e._ all workshops which employ such persons as are protected by the Act--children, young persons, and women. This English Act again furnishes no legal definition of the term. "According to the meaning of the term, implied in this Act," says von Bojanowski, "we must understand by a factory any place in which steam, water, or other mechanical power is used to effect an industrial process, or as an aid thereto; by 'workshop,' on the other hand, we must understand any place in which a like purpose is effected without the help of such power; in neither group is any distinction to be drawn between work in open and in enclosed places."