The Theory of Moral Sentiments: Or, an Essay Towards an Analysis of the Principles by Which Men Naturally Judge Concerning the Conduct and Character, First of Their Neighbours, and Afterwards of Themselves. to Which Is Added, a Dissertation on the Origin of Languages.Smith, Adam
Philosophy
The Theory of Moral Sentiments: Or, an Essay Towards an Analysis of the Principles by Which Men Naturally Judge Concerning the Conduct and Character, First of Their Neighbours, and Afterwards of Themselves. to Which Is Added, a Dissertation on the Origin of Languages.
Smith, Adam
Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Language and languages -- Early works to 1800
It is easy to conceive how, in the progress of language, those
impersonal verbs should become personal. Let us suppose, for example,
that the word _venit_, _it comes_, was originally an impersonal verb,
and that it denoted, not the coming of something in general, as at
present, but the coming of a particular object, such as _the Lion_. The
first savage inventors of language, we shall suppose, when they observed
the approach of this terrible animal, were accustomed to cry out to one
another, _venit_, that is, _the lion comes_; and that this word thus
expressed a complete event, without the assistance of any other.
Afterwards, when, on the further progress of language, they had begun to
give names to particular substances, whenever they observed the approach
of any other terrible object, they would naturally join the name of that
object to the word _venit_, and cry out, _venit ursus_, _venit lupus_.
By degrees the word _venit_ would thus come to signify the coming of any
terrible object, and not merely the coming of the lion. It would now
therefore, express, not the coming of a particular object, but the
coming of an object of a particular kind. Having become more general in
its signification, it could no longer represent any particular distinct
event by itself, and without the assistance of a noun substantive, which
might serve to ascertain and determine its signification. It would now,
therefore, have become a personal, instead of an impersonal verb. We may
easily conceive how, in the further progress of society, it might still
grow more general in its signification, and come to signify, as at
present, the approach of any thing whatever, whether good, bad, or
indifferent.
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