De tribus impostoribus; Rationalism; Spinoza, Benedictus de, 1632-1677
Such was the origin of the word Religion, which has made so much
noise in the world. After having admitted the existence of these
invisible Agencies, men worshipped them to depreciate their anger,
and moreover they believed that nature was under the control of these
Powers. Afterwards they came to regard themselves as inert matter,
or as slaves who could only act under the commands of these imaginary
beings. This false idea having obtained possession of their minds,
they began to exhibit more contempt for nature, and more respect
for those whom they called their Gods. Hence sprung that ignorance
in which so many nations were immersed--an ignorance from which,
however profound, the true philosophers might have freed them,
if they had not been always thwarted by those who led the blind,
and throve by their own impostures.
Now, although there were little appearance of success in our
undertaking, we must not forsake the cause of truth. A generous
mind will speak of things as they really are, out of regard to those
who exhibit symptoms of this malady. The truth, whatever its nature
may be, can never be injurious; whereas error, although at the time
apparently innocent and even useful, must finally terminate in the
most disastrous results.
§ 2.
Terror having thus created the Gods, men wished to ascertain their
nature, and conceiving that they must be of the same substance as
the Soul, which they thought was like the appearances in a mirror,
or the phantoms of sleep, they believed that their Gods were real
substances, but so thin and subtle that to distinguish them from Bodies
they named them Spirits; although Bodies and Spirits are in truth one
and the same thing, for it is impossible to imagine an incorporeal
Spirit. Every spirit has its proper shape, which is inclosed in some
body; that is, it has its limits, and consequently it is a body,
however subtle its nature. [33]
§ 3.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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