De tribus impostoribus; Rationalism; Spinoza, Benedictus de, 1632-1677
the whole territory was subject to one sole sovereign, but that it
was divided into many provinces of but limited extent. The governors
of these provinces were designated Monarchs, and were generally of
the powerful order of the Priesthood, which in fact possessed almost
the third part of Egypt. The king nominated these Monarchs; and if
we compare what others have written concerning Moses, and what he has
written himself, we must conclude that he was Monarch of the Province
of Goshen, and that he owed his appointment to Thesmutis, to whom also
he owed his life. Such was the status of Moses amongst the Egyptians,
where he had full time and every opportunity of studying their manners
and those of his own nation, and of obtaining a knowledge of their
dominant inclinations and passions; a knowledge, of which he failed
not to avail himself in that revolution of which he was the originator.
After the death of Thesmutis, her successor renewed the persecution
against the Hebrews, and Moses having fallen from the honor in which
he had been formerly held, was afraid that he would find it difficult
to justify a homicide of which he had been guilty. He accordingly
resolved on flight, and retired into Arabia Petrea. Chance led him to
the house of the chief of some native tribe, to whom he rendered so
many services, and by whom his talents were so highly appreciated that
he gave him one of his daughters in marriage. It must here be remarked
that Moses was so little of a Jew, and had so limited a conception of
the Deity whom he afterwards imagined, that he married an idolatress,
and did not even think of circumcising his children.
It was in the Arabian deserts, when watching the flocks of his
father-in-law, that he formed the design of taking vengeance upon the
King of Egypt for the injuries he had met with. He flattered himself
that he would easily succeed in this, as well on account of his own
talents, as from the feeling which he knew was general amongst those
of his own nation, irritated against the government on account of
the cruel treatment which they had experienced.
It appears from the history which he has left us of this revolution,
or at all events, from the history which the author of the books
attributed to Moses, has left us, that Jethro, his father-in-law, was
in the plot, as were Aaron his brother, and sister Marion, who remained
in Egypt, and with whom, no doubt, he maintained a correspondence.
However that may be, we perceive from the result, that he had with
the utmost policy schemed out a great design; and that he knew how
to bring to bear against the Egyptians that learning which he had
acquired amongst them. I allude to magic, in the exhibition of which
he showed himself more subtle and expert than all those who attempted
the same tricks at the court of Pharaoh.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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