De tribus impostoribus; Rationalism; Spinoza, Benedictus de, 1632-1677
It was by these pretended prodigies that he gained over those of
his nation whom he wished to carry off, and to whom disaffected and
revolutionary Egyptians, Ethiopians and Arabs joined themselves. By
boasting the power of his Divinity, and the frequent communions
which he had with him; and by declaring that he had his sanction
for all the steps which he took with the leaders of the revolution,
he succeeded so well that there followed him 600,000 fighting men,
besides women and children, across the Arabian deserts, of which he
well knew the localities. After six days painful flight, he ordained
to his followers that they should consecrate the seventh day to his
God by a general and public rest, for the purpose of persuading them
that the Deity favored him and approved of his authority; and to
deter any one from having the audacity to dispute his statements.
There never existed a more ignorant people than the Hebrews, nor
consequently more credulous. To be assured of this we have only to look
to their condition in Egypt when Moses caused them to revolt. They
were detested by the Egyptians on account of their profession as
shepherds, they were persecuted by the sovereign, and employed in the
most degrading toil. Amongst a people thus situated it could not be
very difficult for a man with the abilities of Moses to exercise a
vast influence. He persuaded them that his God, (whom he sometimes
merely styles an angel), the God of their fathers, had appeared
to him--that it was at his command that he had taken them under his
guidance--and that they would be a people highly favored of the Deity,
provided they believed in him. The expert employment of deceit, and his
knowledge of science, and of human nature, fortified his injunctions;
and he strengthened his position by prodigies, which are always sure
to make a deep impression on the minds of an imbecile populace.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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