[175] Despite frequent assertions to the contrary, the fire syringe is not used by the Tinguian. It is found among the Tiagan Igorot, the similarity of whose name has doubtless given rise to the error. [176] Head-hunting is widespread in this part of the world. It is found in Assam, in the Solomon Islands, in Borneo, Formosa, and, it is said, was formerly practiced in Japan. See _Hodson_ (_Folklore,_ June, 1909, p. 109); _Rivers_, History of Melanesian Society, Vol. II, p. 259 (Cambridge, 1914); _Hose_ and _McDougall_, Pagan Tribes of Borneo, Vols. I-II (London, 1912); _Shinji Ishii_ (_Transactions Japan Soc. of London,_ Vol. XIV, pp. 7, _et seq.)._ [177] See _Worcester_, The Non-Christian Tribes of Northern Luzon (_Philippine Journal of Science,_ Vol. I, p. 824, Manila, 1906). [178] See _Blair_ and _Robertson_, The Philippine Islands, Vols. V, p. 137; XXI, p. 140; XXXIV, p. 377; XL, pp. 80-81; XLVII, p. 313; XLVIII, p. 57. _Cole_, Distribution of the Non-Christian Tribes of Northwestern Luzon _(Am. Anth_., N. S., Vol. XI, 1909, p. 340); _Cole_, The Wild Tribes of Davao District, Mindanao (pub. Field Museum of Natural History, Vol. XII No. 2, p. 114, _et seq._). [179] These are called _soga_. Their use is widespread in the Philippines, in Malaysia generally, and even extends into upper Burma. See _Shakespear_, History of Upper Assam, Upper Burmah and Northeastern Frontier, pp. 186, _et seq._(London, 1914). _Marsden_, Hist. of Sumatra, p. 310 (London, 1811). [180] See _Cole_, Wild Tribes of Davao District (Field Museum of Nat. Hist., Vol. XII, No. 2, p. 94). [181] This description is partially taken from the account of _Paul P. de La Gironière_, probably the one white man, who has witnessed this rite (see Twenty Years in the Philippines, p. 108, London, 1853), and from the stories of many old men, who themselves have participated in the head-hunts and subsequent celebrations. [182] See _Cole_, Distribution of the Non-Christian Tribes of Northwestern Luzon (_Am. Anthropologist_, N. S., Vol. XI, No. 3, 1909, p. 340). [183] Traditions of the Tinguian, this volume, No. 1, p. 22. [184] _Jenks_, The Bontoc Igorot, p. 123 (Manila, 1905); _Kroeber_, The Peoples of the Philippines (Am. Museum Nat. Hist., Handbook Series, No. 3, p. 165, New York, 1919). [185] _Egerton_, Handbook of Indian Arms (Wm. Allen and Co., London, 1880), p. 84; _Shakespear_, History of Upper Assam, Burma and Northeastern Frontier (MacMillan, London, 1914), p. 197, illustration. [186] This type of snare is used by nearly all Philippine tribes, and it is also widespread in Malaysia. [187] The mountain rice is known as _langpadan_, the lowland rice as pagey (Ilocano _palay_). [188] This is similar to the method followed in Sumatra. See _Marsden_, History of Sumatra, 3d ed., pp. 71-72 (London, 1811). [189] A similar device is employed in Java. See _Freeman_ and _Chandler_, The World's Commercial Products, p. 36 (Boston, 1911).