The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and WordsworthReynolds, Myra
History
The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and Wordsworth
Reynolds, Myra
English poetry -- History and criticism; Nature in literature
The Vale of Keswick and Lake of Derwentwater, in Cumberland,
are thought by those who have been there to be the finest point
of view in England, and extremely beautiful they are, far more
so than Dr. Dalton has been able to make them appear in his
descriptive poem; or than the Doctor’s brother, Mr. Dalton, has
painted them in his fine drawings; and yet they are inferior
in charms to the vale, the lake, the brooks, the shaded sides
of the surrounding mountains, and the tuneful falls of water
to which we came in Westmoreland. In all the world, I believe,
there is not a more glorious scene to be seen in the fine time
of the year (Vol. III, p. 93).
And, again, “Westmoreland is the most beautiful and romantic solitude
in the world” (Vol. III, p. 151). The first volume of Amory’s book
appeared in 1756. The other volumes, written at intervals thereafter,
were published in 1766. The best passages are in the third volume, but
at the latest they must have been written three years before Gray made
his tour to the lakes. It would be interesting to know whether Gray had
read “John Buncle,” as Amory had Dalton’s poem. At any rate Amory’s
novel shows how early the Lake District was visited by lovers of the
beautiful, for he not only describes it himself, but he speaks as if
there were already a good deal of discussion as to the rival charms of
Keswick and Westmoreland.
In “Rasselas” (Dr. Johnson, 1759) the scenery of the Happy Valley is
briefly described. Since it was a spot where “all the diversities
of the world were brought together, the blessings of nature were
collected, and its evils were extracted and excluded,” it would be in
vain to look for first-hand description. We have merely an impossible
combination of millennial details. After leaving the Happy Valley Imlac
wanders through the world, but his only impression from Nature is a
feeling of repulsion at the “barren uniformity” of the ocean. When
he tried to be a poet he did, to be sure, turn to Nature. He “ranged
mountains and deserts for images and similitudes” in true classical
style. He studied trees and flowers, he wandered along rivulets,
and sometimes he watched the clouds, for “to a poet nothing can be
useless.” Dr. Johnson’s use of Nature in “Rasselas” is tasteless and
insipid.
Sterne’s one allusion to Nature in “Tristram Shandy” (1759–67) is too
characteristic to be omitted. It occurs in the description of a journey.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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