The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and Wordsworth — John Shaqi
The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and WordsworthReynolds, Myra
History
The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and Wordsworth
Reynolds, Myra
English poetry -- History and criticism; Nature in literature
When Flora with her fragrant flowers
Bedeckt the earth so trim and gaye,
And Neptune with his daintye showers
Came to present the monthe of Maye.[148]
Full illustration would require much more space than is here at
command, but the point to be made is clear, namely, that even when the
poet had his natural facts furnished for him, he instinctively put them
into the molds of an accepted poetic diction.
By all odds the most frequent and significant words in this stock
poetic diction, so far as it has to do with the presentation of nature,
are indicative of dress or adornment in some form. The word “paint”
is everywhere. Snakes and lizards and birds; morning and evening;
gardens, meadows, and fields; prospects, scenes, and landscapes; hills
and valleys; clouds and skies; sunbeams and rainbows; rivers and
waves; and flowers from tulips to white lilies--nothing escapes. It is
little wonder that Somerville called God “the Almighty Painter.”[149]
The word “paint” is really an Elizabethan survival, and as such came
into the possession of Cowley, whose use of it is absolutely vicious.
A rainbow is “painted tears.” The wings of birds are “painted oars.”
David after the fight with the giant is “painted gay with blood,” and
the blood of the Egyptians lost in the Red Sea “new paints the waters’
name.”[150] “Gaudy” is another word of frequent occurrence. In general
the meaning was as now, “ostentatiously fine” as we see in Shakspere’s
phrase, “rich but not gaudy,” and in Dryden’s “gaudy pride of painted
plumes.” In that sense it was fitly applied to peacocks, and perhaps
even to rainbows, but such phrases as “a gaudy fly,”[151] the “gaudy
plumage”[152] of falcons; the “gaudy axles of the fixed stars,”[153]
the “gaudy month” of May,[154] the “gaudy opening dawn,”[155] the
“gaudy milky soil”[156] and the “gaudy Tagus”[157] seem to have no
exact meaning. “Bright” might often serve as a synonym, but not in
the application of the word to flies and falcons. The word “adorn” is
likewise eminently serviceable. Fruit adorns the trees, fleecy flocks
adorn the hills, flowers adorn the green, rainbows adorn clouds, blades
of grass adorn fields, vegetables adorn gardens, Phoebus adorns the
west and is himself adorned with all his light, and Emma’s eyes adorn
the fields she looks on. “Deck” is another favorite. Flora’s rich
gifts deck the field, herbs deck the spring, and corals deck the deep.
Vales, meadows, fields, mountains, rivers, shores, plains, paths, turf,
gardens--all are profusely “damasked” or “enamell’d” or “embroidered.”
The wings of butterflies and linnets are “gilded.” The rising sun
gilds the morn; the gaudy bow gilds the sky; gaudy light gilds the
heavens; lightning gilds the storm; meteors and stars gild the night;
and a duchess gilds the rural sphere when she condescends to visit the
country.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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