The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and WordsworthReynolds, Myra
History
The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and Wordsworth
Reynolds, Myra
English poetry -- History and criticism; Nature in literature
These milliner-like words were not, however, the only ones that the
poet could claim as lawful heritage. He knew, for instance, that he
could always call honey “a dewy harvest,” or “balmy dew,” or “ambrosial
spoils,” and have his hearers know what he meant. His birds, though
almost necessarily a “choir,” could be “feathered” or “tuneful” or
“plumy” or “warbling” according to his taste. His fish were easily
labeled as “finny,” “scaly,” or “watery.”
Breezes were “whispering,” “balmy,” “ambrosial;” zephyrs were “gentle,”
“soft,” and “bland;” gales were “odoriferous,” “wanton,” “Elysian;”
and no other kinds of winds blew except in storm similes. “Vernal” and
“verdant” come in at every turn. From Waller on, the epithet “watery”
seems eminently satisfactory to the poetic mind. Dryden may be taken
as illustrative. To him the ocean is a “watery desert,” a “watery
deep,” a “watery plain,” a “watery way,” a “watery reign.” The shore
is a “watery brink,” or a “watery strand.” Fish are a “watery line” or
a “watery race.” Sea-birds are “watery fowl.” The launching of ships
is a “watery war.” Streams are “watery floods.” Waves are “watery
ranks.”[158] The word occurs with wearisome iteration in succeeding
poets. It is applied not only to the sea but to rivers, clouds, and
rain, to glades, meads, and flowers, to landscapes, to mists, to the
sky, to the sun, and to the rainbow. The set phrases for the sky
are such as “azure sky,” “heaven’s azure,” “concave azure,” “azure
vault,” “azure waste,” “blue sky,” “blue arch,” “blue expanse,” “blue
vault,” “blue vacant,” “blue serene,” “aërial concave,” “aetherial
vault,” “aërial vault,” “vaulted sky,” “vaulted azure,” with such
other changes as may be rung on these words. The chief words applied
to stars, “spangle” and “twinkle,” have been already noted. The usual
adjectives for streams and brooks are pleasant, easy words like
“liquid,” “lucid,” “limpid,” “purling,” “murmuring,” and “bubbling.”
“Rural,” “rustic,” and “sylvan” are epithets applied to anything
belonging to the country, whether to the hours spent there, the songs
of the birds, or the charming country-maidens and their loves, their
bowers, their bliss, their toil. “Flowery” is so constantly used as
descriptive of brooks, borders, banks, vales, hills, paths, plains,
and meads, that it really has not much more meaning than the definite
article prefixed to a noun. “Vocal” is applied to vales, shades, hills,
shores, mountains, grots, and woodlands. “Pendent” and “hanging” belong
to cliffs, precipices, mountains, shades, and woods. “Headlong” and
“umbrageous” are favorite adjectives for groves or shades of any sort.
“Mossy” applies to grottos, fountains, streams, caves, turf, banks, and
so on. “Gray” is the usual descriptive word for twilight, and “brown”
for night. “Lawns” are usually “dewy.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account