The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and WordsworthReynolds, Myra
History
The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and Wordsworth
Reynolds, Myra
English poetry -- History and criticism; Nature in literature
of distant hedges, the curling spires of smoke, are observations that
show the trained eye.[330] His colors seem to be rather carefully
discriminated. Yellow receives unusual emphasis. The linnet’s yellow
plumage, the yellow foliage of the beech, the mountain-tops shining
yellow in the sun, and even the “yellow barn” catch his eye. This
preference for yellow characterizes his later work. He speaks of
“yellow corn,” “yellow tillages,” “yellowing plains,” and the “yellow
Tiber.” He also liked the words “golden” and “sunny.” Purple is applied
to evening and to the groves at evening, and seems to be used with some
real sense of the modern specific meaning of the word. In later work
the color purple became almost a stock epithet with him;
Purple Eve
Stretches her shadows,[331]
When many-colour’d Evening sinks behind
The purple woods and hills,[332]
The purple skirts of flying day,[333]
When evening mild
Purples the valleys,[334]
Wide abroad
Expands the purple deep,[335]
are typical phrases. He also notices the “thousand flaming flowers”
in the fields, the silver and gold of the morning clouds, the shining
of lakes, the evening colors reflected in slow streams, and the soft
fair hues of distant mountain summits. He delights in the sounds of
Nature, especially in the songs of birds. Not for many years after
Dyer is there so effective a bit of bird-song poetry as the closing
lines of “Grongar Hill.” Nor is he indifferent to odors, for he notes
the perfumed breeze from the valley, the fragrant brakes, and the
sweet-smelling honeysuckle. It is worthy of note that in these two
short poems nearly a hundred natural facts are mentioned.
In this wide observation Dyer includes some features not hitherto
counted as parts of a poetic landscape. The “windy summit wild and
high,” naked rocks, and barren ground, are mingled with the softer
details, and
Each gives each a double charm.
He nowhere dwells upon mountains in his descriptions, but the slight
touches here and there and the general tone of the poems are sufficient
to show his great delight in mountain scenery. He represents himself as
climbing slowly and looking back often so as not to miss a single phase
of the view unfolding before him. Once on the top he gazes out over the
lovely prospect and exclaims,
Now, even now, my joys run high
As on the mountain turf I lie.
In “The Fleece” are further indications of this love of mountains and
wide views. The passage beginning
Huge Breaden’s stony summit once I climbed[336]
is typical.
Those slow-climbing wilds, that lead the step
Insensibly to Dover’s windy cliff,
Tremendous height![337]
and
By the blue steeps of distant Malvern walled,
Solemnly vast.[338]
have something of the modern touch.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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