The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and WordsworthReynolds, Myra
History
The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and Wordsworth
Reynolds, Myra
English poetry -- History and criticism; Nature in literature
Collins possesses many of the qualities and the defects of the romantic
spirit. He made plans almost as comprehensive and visionary as those
of Coleridge. His indolence, his wavering, irresolute disposition,
his morbid sensitiveness, the intensity of his emotions, his love of
liberty, his passion for “high romance and Gothic diableries,” together
with his new sense of the mystery of Nature, set him quite apart from
the men who were his friends, from Dr. Johnson, Armstrong, Aaron
Hill, from Garrick, Quin, and Foote, even from Thomson. His interests
were not those of his day, for his admiration turned to Aeschylus,
Sophocles, and Euripides, rather than to Virgil and Horace.[368]
In English poetry he gave his allegiance to Spenser, Milton, and
Shakspere, rather than to Dryden and Pope.[369] He was devoted to
music. He was also deeply interested in the remote history of his own
country, and in the legendary lore and superstitions of any land. Dr.
Johnson says of him: “He loved fairies, genii, giants, and monsters; he
delighted to rove through the meanders of enchantment, to gaze on the
magnificence of golden palaces, to repose by the waterfalls of Elysian
gardens.”
Collins was a town-bred poet and could have known little of the country
at first hand. We might therefore expect all his imagery to be of the
conventional sort in the “Eclogues” written in his early school days.
But such is not the case. In the later poems the use of Nature, slight
as it is, is marked by unusual originality and imaginative power. There
is everywhere present a sense of delight in the wilder, freer, in the
more remote and mysterious, aspects of Nature. He makes Fear sit
in some hollow’d seat
’Gainst which the big waves beat,
and listen to
Drowning seamen’s cries in tempest brought.
His gifted wizard seers
view the lurid signs that cross the sky
Where in the west the brooding tempests lie,
And hear their first, faint, rustling pennons sweep.
Note also the description of the “wide, wild storm,” in the “Ode to
Liberty,” and especially the skilful mingling of landscape details
and superstitious terrors in the “Ode on Popular Superstitions.” The
“bewitch’d, low, marshy, willow brake,” “the spot where hums the
sedgy reed,” the “dim hill that seems up-rising near,” “Uist’s dark
forest,” “the watery strath or quaggy moss,” “the damp, dark fen,” are
slight touches, but they serve perfectly to suggest the fit home of
the kelpie, the will-o’-the-wisp, the mischievous fairy folk, and the
phantom train of gliding ghosts. But Collins’ most appreciative use of
Nature is in the “Ode to Evening (1746).” That poem was doubtless the
result of personal experience, for it notes facts, such as the rising
of the beetle in the path at twilight, that were not yet stock poetical
property. The lines,
Thy dewy fingers draw
The gradual dusky veil,
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