The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and WordsworthReynolds, Myra
History
The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and Wordsworth
Reynolds, Myra
English poetry -- History and criticism; Nature in literature
could hardly have been written by one unfamiliar with the slow
disappearance of a landscape as night comes on. More remarkable are the
simplicity and directness of touch by which the few details are made to
stand for complete pictures. The cloudy sunset, the silence of evening,
the calm lake amid the upland fallows, the fading view, the windy day
in autumn, are all excellent examples of the stimulative as opposed to
the delineative description. But the final impression made on the mind
is powerful mainly because in some way that escapes analysis the very
mood and spirit of evening, its calm, its tender melancholy, breathe
through the unpretending lines. We seldom find in the eighteenth
century, personifications so high and spiritual, description so
essentially poetical, or workmanship so perfect in its simplicity.
Dr. Akenside’s “The Pleasures of the Imagination,” though not published
till 1744, was begun in 1738 when the author was but seventeen, and
completed when he was twenty-one. In 1757 it was remodeled and many
additions were made. In its first form the poem was essentially a
product of the author’s precocious, brilliant youth. Yet it has
little of the fire and passion of youth. It is a smooth, correct,
rather frigid exposition of certain philosophical principles. The
whole poem seems like an illustration of Akenside’s belief that
poetry is true eloquence in meter.[370] It is not marked by any
especially rich or faithful portrayal of Nature, nor is there much
description. In point of fact, such descriptions as occur are often
marred by eighteenth-century periphrases such as calling honey
“ambrosial spoils;” the sun, “the radiant ruler of the year;” flowers,
“the purple honors of the spring;” water, “a delicious draught of
cool refreshment;” and frogs, “the grave, unwieldly inmates of the
neighboring pond.” There is also frequent use of stock words and of
worn-out similitudes. But in spite of its coldness, this poem is an
important contribution to the development of the poetry of Nature
because of its new conception of the relation between man and Nature.
When the poet endeavors to explore the “secret paths of early genius,”
he imagines inspiration as coming to the lonely youth from some “wild
river’s brink at eve,” or from “solemn groves at noon,”[371] and there
is one passage that lays a Wordsworthian emphasis on the effect of
Nature on the soul of a child:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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