The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 2 (of 4)Crooke, William
History
The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 2 (of 4)
Crooke, William
Caste -- India -- History; Hindus -- India; Tribes -- India -- History
[Tribal organisation.] 2. In memory of their traditional origin they
have two sub-divisions known as the Shîrshâhi and Salîmshâhi, who are
distinguished by the women of the former wearing petticoats and the
latter drawers. Another tradition, which is apparently based merely on
the similarity of name, makes them out to be in some way connected with
the Bhatti tribe. In the east of the Province there are two
sub-divisions—Bhathiyâra and Hariyâra—which differ only in this, that
the women of the former wear metal bangles (mâthi), and the latter
those made of glass or lac. The Census Returns classify them under
fifty-two clans, none of which are of much local importance, and
display a curious mixture of Hindu and Muhammadan names, such as
Bahlîm, Bhîl, Chauhân, Chiryamâr, Jalkhatri, Madariya, Mukeri, Sadîqi,
Nânbâi, Shirâzi, and Sulaimâni.
[Marriage rules.] 3. They profess to follow the ordinary Muhammadan
laws of marriage, of which the nikâh is the binding portion. The two
divisions, Salîmshâhi and Shîrshâhi, are said to be endogamous, because
the women of the latter bear an indifferent reputation; in fact it is
alleged that they are prostituted both before and after marriage. Dr.
Buchanan [39] says:—“Many of their women, but by no means the greater
part, refuse no favour to a liberal customer;” and Forster writes
[40]:—“The stationary tenants of the serauee, many of them women, and
some of them very pretty, approach the traveller on his entrance, and
in alluring language describe to him the varied excellencies of their
several lodgings.” The levirate prevails, but is not compulsory on the
widow. They follow the usual Muhammadan rules of divorce and
inheritance.
[Religion.] 4. They are Muhammadans of the Sunni sect. To the east of
the Province they reverence Ghâzi Miyân and the Pânchon Pîr, to whom
sweetmeats and garlands of flowers are offered on the first Sunday in
the month of Jeth. They bury their dead and offer to the spirits of
deceased ancestors vermicelli (siwaiyân), and bread on the ‘Id and the
halwa sweetmeat on the Shab-i-barât. In former times, it is said, they
used to consult Brâhmans in fixing an auspicious day for marriages—a
practice which appears now to be abandoned. They do the usual third day
(tîja) and fortieth day (chehlam) ceremony for the repose of the
spirits of the dead.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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