The Trouvelot astronomical drawings manualTrouvelot, E. L. (Etienne Leopold)
Science
The Trouvelot astronomical drawings manual
Trouvelot, E. L. (Etienne Leopold)
Astronomy -- Pictorial works
With the disappearance of the last ray of light, the planets and the
stars of the first and second magnitude seem to light up and become
visible in the sky. The darkness, which had been gradually creeping in
with the progress of the eclipse, is then at its maximum. Although
subject to great variations in different eclipses, the darkness is never
so great as might be expected from the complete obscuration of our
luminary, as the part of our atmosphere which is still exposed to the
direct rays of the Sun, reflects to us some of that light, which thus
diminishes the darkness resulting from the disappearance of the Sun.
Usually the darkness is sufficient to prevent the reading of common
print, and to deceive animals, causing them to act as if night was
really approaching. During totality the temperature decreases, while the
humidity of the atmosphere augments.
Simultaneously with the disappearance of Baily's beads, a pale, soft,
silvery light bursts forth from behind the Moon, as if the Sun, in
disappearing, had been vaporized and expanded in all directions into
soft phosphorescent rays and streamers. This pale light is emitted by
gases constituting the solar atmosphere surrounding the bright nucleus
now obscured by the dark body of our satellite. This solar atmosphere is
called _Corona_, from its distant resemblance to the aureola, or glory,
represented by ancient painters around the heads of saints.
With the bursting forth of the corona, a very thin arc of bright white
light is seen along the Moon's limb, where the solar crescent has just
disappeared. This thin arc of light is the reversing layer, which, when
observed with the spectroscope at that moment, exhibits bright lines
answering to the dark lines of the ordinary solar spectrum. Immediately
above this reversing layer, and concentric with it, appears the
pink-colored chromospheric layer, with its curiously shaped flames and
protuberances. During totality, the chromosphere and protuberances are
seen without the aid of the spectroscope, and appear of their natural
color, which, although somewhat varying in their different parts, is, on
the whole, pinkish, and similar to that of peach-blossoms; yet it is
mixed here and there with delicate prismatic hues, among which the pink
and straw colors predominate.
The color of the corona seems to vary in every eclipse, but as its tints
are very delicate, it may depend, in a great measure, upon the vision of
the observer; although there seems to be no doubt that there are real
variations. At Creston, in 1878, it appeared to both Professor W.
Harkness and myself of a decided pale greenish hue.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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