[81:3] My statistics are based on the census of 1910. The Special Report of the Prison Inspector of Alabama for the year ending September 30, 1914, and the returns of the county jails of Connecticut for the same period. As the white population of Connecticut increased about 225,000 during the previous decade, while the Negroes slightly decreased, I added 70,000 to the white population of 1910 to offset the increase of whites during the three or four years between 1910 and 1914. But as both races increased in Alabama I use the 1910 census for that State. [81:4] In proportion to their respective population, of course. [81:5] In order to avoid repetition, unless otherwise indicated, when one white to four Negroes or any such ratio is mentioned, the meaning is this: I divide the white population of the state by the white prisoners for the number of white people to each white prisoner, and divide the Negro population of the State for the number of Negroes to each Negro prisoner, and then divide the white prisoners by the Negro to get the ratio of Negro prisoners to the white. [85:7] I made no effort to find these. I give here only a few of those taken from _Baltimore Sun_, _Baltimore American_, and refer mainly to Maryland, Virginia, and Delaware. What may be true in these States as regards Negro criminality, is likely to be found intensified farther south. [86:8] _Baltimore Sun_, Jan. 6, 1910. [86:9] _Baltimore News_, Oct. 20, 1916. [87:10] _Baltimore Sun_, Aug. 4, 1915. [87:11] _Ibid._, April 8, 1910. [87:12] _Ibid._, Sept. 12, 1917. [88:13] _Baltimore American_, Feb. 18, 1913. [88:14] _Baltimore Sun_, Jan. 8, 1917. [88:15] _Ibid._, Feb. 21, 1917. [89:16] _Baltimore Weekly Herald_, July 8, 1909. [89:17] _Baltimore Sun_, Aug. 15, 1914. [90:18] _Cambridge_ (Md.) _Record_, Sept. 12, 1913. [90:19] _Baltimore Sun_, March 30, 1910. [91:20] _Baltimore Sun_, Aug. 10, 1915. [91:21] _Ibid._, Sept. 7, 1915. [91:22] _Cambridge_ (Md.) _Record_, Aug. 25, 1913. [94:23] _Methodist Protestant_, July 28, 1909. [99:24] _Philadelphia Record_, May 8, 1916. CHAPTER V SEGREGATION OF THE NEGRO It is hardly to be questioned that since the Civil War the white man and the Negro have been drawing farther and farther apart. Religious teachers, political adventurers, and fortune hunters gave the first great impetus to the movement. The teachers, however, misguided, may have been sincere in their efforts to benefit the Negro; but the carpet-baggers had in mind only personal aggrandizement. This political separation of the Negroes from the Southern whites was the entering wedge that split asunder the ties that had bound the two races together. Otherwise the Negroes might have divided with the whites between two or more political parties. This would have resulted greatly to their advantage for each party would have bid for their vote.