Treaty of Sèvres (1920); World War, 1914-1918 -- Territorial questions -- Turkey; World War, 1914-1918 -- Turkey
“Secondly, the Commission of the Straits.
“Thirdly, the military powers of occupation.
“Fourthly, the diplomatic representatives of France, Britain, and
Italy, deliberating in a kind of council with the military and
naval commanders of the Franco-Anglo-Italian forces.”
With them would be—
“Fifthly, the Inter-Allied Commissioners of Control and Military
Organisation.
“Sixthly, the Commission of Finance.
“Seventhly, the Council of the Ottoman Public Debt.
“Eighthly, the consuls’ jurisdictions.”
After going over all the objections raised by the coexistence of these
various bodies, whose powers would encroach upon each other or would be
exactly similar, and the impossibility that foreign agents accredited
to the Sultan should hold such functions, the memorandum opposed the
following reasons to the decisions of the Conference:
“First, the draft of the treaty does not in any way institute _an
international judicial and political organisation_ of the Straits.
“Secondly, it institutes a political and military power on behalf
of _some_ States, attended with all the international risks
pertaining to it.
“Thirdly, with regard to Turkey it would constitute _a direct and
deep infringement on her rights of sovereignty, preservation, and
security, which infringements are not necessary to safeguard the
freedom of passage_ of the Straits.
“Fourthly, from an international point of view the intended régime
would create a kind of _international moral person by the side of
the States, which would not represent the League of Nations_.
“Fifthly, the new international condition of Turkey would in some
respects be inferior to that of the new States consisting of
territories detached from Turkey, for these new States would be
placed under the mandate of a Power _appointed by the League of
Nations_ mainly in accordance with _the wishes of the populations
concerned_, and bound to give a periodical account to the League of
Nations of the exercise of its mandate.
“Sixthly, far from ensuring the internationalisation of the
Straits, which was aimed at by the Powers, the régime instituted
by the draft of the treaty would _favour their nationalisation by
another State_.
“The internationalisation of the Straits could only be realised
by means of an international organisation—viz., _a judicial
organisation representing all the Powers_.”
Therefore, the Government allows the free passage of the Straits, but
asks that they should be controlled only by the League of Nations, and
that the Straits zones mentioned in the scheme of internationalisation
“should be reduced territorially to what is necessary to guarantee the
free passage of the Straits.” Turkey declares herself ready to accept
“this scheme, if restricted to the Straits zone, whose frontiers were
fixed as follows”:
“(_a_) In Europe the Sharkeui-Karachali line, thus including all
the Gallipoli Peninsula.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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