=The Flowers= are solitary and pendulous on 9-10 inch stalks, and appear in May before the leaves. They are some 6-8 inches in diameter with five leathery sepals covered densely on the inside with straight hairs; five white petals nearly twice the length of the sepals, recurved at the tip and with wrinkled edges; a stout, shiny, white, tubular stamen column from which the mass of white stamens with light brown anthers radiate and bend up towards the vertical position and from which emerges the long shiny white pistil with spiral bend and outward growth, bearing at its tip the flattened, lobed, sticky stigma. All the flower parts tend to assume the vertical position. The Hausa calls them “kumbali.” =The Fruits= are large, oval or round, 5-15 inches long and 3-7 inches in diameter, covered with brittle, bronze hairs which break off when handled. The stalk is long and stout and the calyx remains at the base are broken and hardened. There is a short woody “nose.” A number of kidney-shaped seeds are embedded in a white, crisp, acid and slightly refrigerant pulp, pleasant to taste when fresh, and fibres separate the rows of seeds. The seeds are grey with a brown patch, intricately veined. They are very hard. The pulp is called “garin kuka,” the seeds “guntsu.” =Uses.=—The leaves are used as a sauce in soup and food, called “Miyan (or) Garin Kuka.” They are given also, with bran and salt as a horse medicine, called “chusar doki.” The inner bark is stripped and twisted into strong ropes “kista,” tethering ropes “gindi,” and strings of musical instruments. The acid pulp is eaten fresh. [Illustration] =ADINA MICROCEPHALA= Hiern.—_Kadanyar rafi_. RUBIACEAE. This is a large tree inhabiting stream banks which extends as far north as 12°. It attains a height of 60 feet with a girth of 6-8 feet, occasionally more. It has a habit of growing right in the beds of small streams where it is washed annually by the flood waters. In these situations the trunk will assume almost a horizontal position at the base and survive severe damage. Except in dense stream bank vegetation the bole is rarely clean, but is covered with slender shoots down to the ground level. The erect willowy shoots are a marked feature of the tree. It has a large dense crown with heavy limbs, and the rosette-like growth of the long narrow pointed leaves distinguishes it. =The Bark= is grey and deeply fissured, often spirally, with long fibrous ridges and ragged scales which fall in large pieces. The slash is a deep dull red, with thick spongy fibres, and a sticky sap exudes. =The Leaves= are some 9 inches long and 1½ inches broad, with tapering base and long pointed tip. The stalk is an inch long. The upper surface is a dark, shining green, paler beneath with the mid-rib prominent. They are whorled and appear like rosettes.