The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature — John Shaqi
The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human NatureJames, William
ReligionComparative
The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature
James, William
Conversion; Experience (Religion); Philosophy and religion; Psychology, Religious; Religion
As regards the origin of the Greek gods, we need not at present seek an
opinion. But the whole array of our instances leads to a conclusion
something like this: It is as if there were in the human consciousness a
_sense of reality, a feeling of objective presence, a perception_ of what
we may call “_something there_,” more deep and more general than any of
the special and particular “senses” by which the current psychology
supposes existent realities to be originally revealed. If this were so, we
might suppose the senses to waken our attitudes and conduct as they so
habitually do, by first exciting this sense of reality; but anything else,
any idea, for example, that might similarly excite it, would have that
same prerogative of appearing real which objects of sense normally
possess. So far as religious conceptions were able to touch this reality‐
feeling, they would be believed in in spite of criticism, even though they
might be so vague and remote as to be almost unimaginable, even though
they might be such non‐entities in point of _whatness_, as Kant makes the
objects of his moral theology to be.
The most curious proofs of the existence of such an undifferentiated sense
of reality as this are found in experiences of hallucination. It often
happens that an hallucination is imperfectly developed: the person
affected will feel a “presence” in the room, definitely localized, facing
in one particular way, real in the most emphatic sense of the word, often
coming suddenly, and as suddenly gone; and yet neither seen, heard,
touched, nor cognized in any of the usual “sensible” ways. Let me give you
an example of this, before I pass to the objects with whose presence
religion is more peculiarly concerned.
An intimate friend of mine, one of the keenest intellects I know, has had
several experiences of this sort. He writes as follows in response to my
inquiries:—
“I have several times within the past few years felt the so‐called
‘consciousness of a presence.’ The experiences which I have in
mind are clearly distinguishable from another kind of experience
which I have had very frequently, and which I fancy many persons
would also call the ‘consciousness of a presence.’ But the
difference for me between the two sets of experience is as great
as the difference between feeling a slight warmth originating I
know not where, and standing in the midst of a conflagration with
all the ordinary senses alert.
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