CHAPTER VII. The skeleton of the Codfish (_Gadus morrhua_) and the skull of the Salmon (_Salmo salar_) 83 CHAPTER VIII. General account of the skeleton in Fishes 104 CHAPTER IX. Characters of the several groups of Amphibia 133 CHAPTER X. The skeleton of the Newt (_Molge cristata_) 138 CHAPTER XI. The skeleton of the Frog (_Rana temporaria_) 151 CHAPTER XII. General account of the skeleton in Amphibia 168 CHAPTER XIII. Skeletal characters of the Sauropsida. Characters of the several groups of Reptiles 189 CHAPTER XIV. The skeleton of the Green Turtle (_Chelone midas_) 214 CHAPTER XV. The skeleton of the Crocodile (_Crocodilus palustris_) 237 CHAPTER XVI. General account of the skeleton in Reptiles 270 CHAPTER XVII. Characters of the several groups of Birds 295 CHAPTER XVIII. The skeleton of the Wild Duck (_Anas boschas_) 302 CHAPTER XIX. General account of the skeleton in Birds 328 CHAPTER XX. Characters of the several groups of Mammalia 343 CHAPTER XXI. The skeleton of the Dog (_Canis familiaris_) 374 CHAPTER XXII. General account of the skeleton in Mammalia. The exoskeleton and vertebral column 416 CHAPTER XXIII. General account of the skeleton in Mammalia (_continued_). The skull and appendicular skeleton 455 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. FIG. PAGE 1 Diagrammatic sections of various forms of teeth 6 2 Cervical vertebrae of an Ox (_Bos taurus_) 15 3 Diagram of the skeleton of _Amphioxus lanceolatus_ 51 4 Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of the skull of _Petromyzon marinus_ 56 5 Skull of a male _Chimaera monstrosa_ 65 6 Lateral view of the skull of a Dogfish (_Scyllium canicula_) 75 7 Semidorsal view of the pectoral girdle and fins of a Dogfish (_Scyllium canicula_) 80