8 Dorsal view of the pelvic girdle and fins of a male Dogfish (_Scyllium canicula_) 81 9 Dorsal and ventral views of the cranium of a Salmon (_Salmo salar_) from which most of the membrane bones have been removed 88 10 Lateral view of the chondrocranium of a Salmon (_Salmo salar_) 90 11 Lateral view of the skull of a Salmon (_Salmo salar_) 92 12 Mandibular and hyoid arches of a Cod (_Gadus morrhua_) 99 13 Right half of the pectoral girdle and right pectoral fin of a Cod (_Gadus morrhua_) 102 14 Diagram of a section through the jaw of a Shark (_Odontaspis americanus_) showing the succession of teeth 107 15 Part of the lower jaw of a Shark (_Galeus_) 108 16 Skulls of _Notidanus_ and _Cestracion_ 118 17 Dorsal view of the branchial arches of _Heptanchus_ 120 18 Lateral view of the skull of a Sturgeon (_Acipenser sturio_) 122 19 Dorsal and ventral views of the cranium of _Ceratodus miolepis_ 125 20 Lateral view of the skeleton of _Ceratodus miolepis_ 128 21 Dorsal, ventral and lateral views of the skull of a Newt (_Molge cristata_) 142 22 Ventral and lateral views of the shoulder-girdle and sternum of an old male Crested Newt (_Molge cristata_) 146 23 Right posterior and anterior limbs of a Newt (_Molge cristata_) 148 24 Dorsal and ventral views of the cranium of a Common Frog (_Rana temporaria_) 155 25 Dorsal and ventral views of the cranium of a Common Frog (_Rana temporaria_) from which the membrane bones have mostly been removed 157 26 Lateral view of the skull and posterior view of the cranium of a Common Frog (_Rana temporaria_) 159 27 Dorsal view of the skull of a Labyrinthodont (_Capitosaurus nasutus_) 176 28 Ventral view of the cranium, and lateral view of the cranium and mandible of _Siphonops annulatus_ 178 29 Visceral arches of Amphibia: A, _Molge cristata_; B, _Rana temporaria_, adult; C, Tadpole of _Rana_; D, _Siredon pisciformis_ 181