The Viking Age. Volume 2 (of 2): The early history, manners, and customs of the ancestors of the English-speaking nations — John Shaqi
The Viking Age. Volume 2 (of 2): The early history, manners, and customs of the ancestors of the English-speaking nationsDu Chaillu, Paul B. (Paul Belloni)
History
The Viking Age. Volume 2 (of 2): The early history, manners, and customs of the ancestors of the English-speaking nations
Let me get to my mother,
It is cold for me on the floor,
What is fitter for a boy
Than his father’s arms.
You need not whet the iron,
Nor cut the turf,
Leave this hideous work,
I shall live yet with men.
(Landnáma V. c. 6.)
Thereupon the boy was water-sprinkled, and named Thorstein.”
The custom of exposing children was so deeply rooted in the minds of the
people that Christianity itself could not at first prevent it from
taking place.
“It was then made law, that all men of the country should become
Christians, and such as were not baptized should be so. But in regard to
child exposure and the eating of horseflesh the old law was to stand;
men would be allowed to sacrifice in secret, if they wished to, but
became outlaws if witnesses saw it” (Islendingabók, c. 7).
“Sigvat skáld and other Icelanders were with King Olaf as has been told.
Olaf enquired carefully how Christianity was kept in Iceland. He thought
it was very badly kept when they told him that it was allowed by the
laws to eat horseflesh and expose children as the heathens used to do”
(St. Olaf’s Saga, c. 56).
It was the general custom among the chiefs and other leading men not to
have the children reared at home, but to have them educated with some
distinguished friend for the future duties of life. Those who received
them were bound to treat them as their own children, with love and
kindness; and there are many examples in the Sagas of the great love of
the foster-parents for their foster-children.
The general custom was first to have the child _knee-seated_
(_knésetja_), or put on the knees of him who was to be fosterer; the
child was then called the knee-seated (_knésetningr_) of his
foster-father, who bestowed upon him as much care as if he had been his
own child.
“Harald (Gormsson) took Harald, son of Eirik (Blood-axe), to raise him,
and knee-seated him; he was raised in his hird”[72] (Fornmanna Sögur,
i., ch. 19).
“Höskuld, an Icelandic chief, having died and his sons having held
_arvel_ after him, one of these, Thorleik by name, was jealous of his
stepbrother Olaf, whose mother was Melkorka, an Irish king’s daughter,
who had been bought as a thrall by Höskuld. To conciliate him, Olaf
offered to foster Thorleik’s son, saying: ‘I will foster thy son, for he
is always called a lesser man who fosters the child of another’”[73]
(Laxdæla, c. 27).
To raise another’s child was a proof that the fosterer considered
himself of lower or subordinate position than the father. A very good
example in this respect is that of Harald Fairhair and Athelstan of
England.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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