England now had peace for some twelve years. Alfred made good use of
the interval in reorganising his army and strengthening the kingdom
generally, so that when attacks were renewed in 892 he was much better
prepared to meet them. In the autumn of that year two fleets coming
from France arrived in England: one landed on the Limen (between Hythe
and Romney Marsh), the other under the leadership of Hæsten (O.N.
Hásteinn) at Milton in North Kent. Alfred's difficulties were increased
by the fact that during the next four years the Danish settlers in
Northumbria and East Anglia played a more or less actively hostile
part, both by land and sea. The Danes showed all their old mobility
and in a series of raids crossed England more than once--first to
Buttington on the Severn (co. Montgomery), then to Chester, and on a
third occasion to Bridgenorth in Shropshire. They met with a uniformly
stout and well organised resistance under the leadership of Alfred, his
son Edward the Elder, and his brother-in-law Aethelred of Mercia, and
in the end they had to retire with no fresh acquisition of territory.
For the most part they distributed themselves among the East Anglian
and Northumbrian Danes, but those who had no cattle wherewith to
stock their land took ship and sailed back to the Seine. There were
no further attacks from abroad during Alfred's reign, but piratical
raids made by the East Anglian and Northumbrian Danes caused him a good
deal of trouble, and in order to meet them he definitely addressed
himself to the long delayed task of equipping a fleet. The vessels were
carefully designed according to Alfred's own ideas: they were larger,
swifter and steadier than the Danish vessels and they soon showed their
worth when more than 20 vessels with their crews were lost by the Danes
in one year. It is interesting to note that these vessels were manned
in part by Frisian sailors, probably because of the low ebb to which
English seamanship had sunk.
When once Edward the Elder's claim to the throne was firmly established
in the battle fought at 'the Holm,' somewhere in South Cambridgeshire,
he commenced, with the active co-operation of his brother-in-law
Aethelred, ealdorman of Mercia, the great work of strengthening the
hold of the English on Southern Mercia preparatory to an attempt to
reconquer the Danelagh. Chester was rebuilt in 907. In 910 a fort was
built at 'Bremesbyrig,' possibly Bromesberrow in Gloucestershire.
Aethelred died in the next year, but his wife Aethelflæd, the 'Lady of
the Mercians,' continued his work, and forts were built at 'Scergeat,'
perhaps Shrewsbury, at Bridgenorth on the Severn, at Tamworth, and at
Stafford in 912. In 914 Warwick was fortified, while in 915 forts were
built at Chirbury in Shropshire and Runcorn in Cheshire.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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